Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing
In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic...
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Polish Academy of Sciences
2015-09-01
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Series: | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
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author | Bochnowski W. Dziedzic A. Adamiak S. Berchenko M. Trzyna M. Cebulski J. |
author_facet | Bochnowski W. Dziedzic A. Adamiak S. Berchenko M. Trzyna M. Cebulski J. |
author_sort | Bochnowski W. |
collection | DOAJ |
description | In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere and in vacuum furnaces with cylindrical molybdenum and graphite chambers. The analysis was carried out using the following methods: a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a secondary ion mass spectrometer with time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF SIMS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The oxide layer formed during annealing of the AISI 321 steel at 980°C consisted of sub-layers, diversified in the chemical composition. The thickness of the oxidized layer is depended on the annealing conditions. In a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere, the thickness of the oxide layer was of 300-500 nm, in a vacuum furnace with molybdenum and graphite heating chambers, it ranged from 40 to 300 nm and from a few to 50 nm, respectively. TOF SIMS method allows to get average (for the surface of 100 μm × 100 μm) depth profiles of concentration of particular elements and elements combined with oxygen. In oxide layers formed in vacuum furnaces there are no iron oxides. Titanium, apart from being bounded with carbon in carbides, is a component of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the AISI 321 steel. |
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spelling | doaj.art-045d96ab4a0a4d859082edab122a27642022-12-22T03:39:00ZengPolish Academy of SciencesArchives of Metallurgy and Materials2300-19092015-09-016032327233410.1515/amm-2015-0380amm-2015-0380Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After AnnealingBochnowski W.0Dziedzic A.1Adamiak S.2Berchenko M.3Trzyna M.4Cebulski J.5 CENTER FOR INNOVATION AND TRANSFER OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, UNIVERSITY OF RZESZOW, 1 PIGONIA STR., 35-959 RZESZOW, POLAND. CENTER FOR INNOVATION AND TRANSFER OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, UNIVERSITY OF RZESZOW, 1 PIGONIA STR., 35-959 RZESZOW, POLAND. CENTER FOR INNOVATION AND TRANSFER OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, UNIVERSITY OF RZESZOW, 1 PIGONIA STR., 35-959 RZESZOW, POLAND. CENTER FOR MICROELECTRONICS CENTER FOR MICROELECTRONICS CENTER FOR INNOVATION AND TRANSFER OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE, UNIVERSITY OF RZESZOW, 1 PIGONIA STR., 35-959 RZESZOW, POLAND.In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere and in vacuum furnaces with cylindrical molybdenum and graphite chambers. The analysis was carried out using the following methods: a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a secondary ion mass spectrometer with time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF SIMS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The oxide layer formed during annealing of the AISI 321 steel at 980°C consisted of sub-layers, diversified in the chemical composition. The thickness of the oxidized layer is depended on the annealing conditions. In a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere, the thickness of the oxide layer was of 300-500 nm, in a vacuum furnace with molybdenum and graphite heating chambers, it ranged from 40 to 300 nm and from a few to 50 nm, respectively. TOF SIMS method allows to get average (for the surface of 100 μm × 100 μm) depth profiles of concentration of particular elements and elements combined with oxygen. In oxide layers formed in vacuum furnaces there are no iron oxides. Titanium, apart from being bounded with carbon in carbides, is a component of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the AISI 321 steel.http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/amm.2015.60.issue-3/amm-2015-0380/amm-2015-0380.xml?format=INTdepth profileoxide layerstainless steelTEMTOF SIMS |
spellingShingle | Bochnowski W. Dziedzic A. Adamiak S. Berchenko M. Trzyna M. Cebulski J. Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing Archives of Metallurgy and Materials depth profile oxide layer stainless steel TEM TOF SIMS |
title | Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing |
title_full | Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing |
title_fullStr | Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing |
title_short | Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing |
title_sort | characterization of oxide layers produced on the aisi 321 stainless steel after annealing |
topic | depth profile oxide layer stainless steel TEM TOF SIMS |
url | http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/amm.2015.60.issue-3/amm-2015-0380/amm-2015-0380.xml?format=INT |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bochnowskiw characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing AT dziedzica characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing AT adamiaks characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing AT berchenkom characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing AT trzynam characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing AT cebulskij characterizationofoxidelayersproducedontheaisi321stainlesssteelafterannealing |