β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19
Conventional vaccines to combat COVID-19 through different approaches are at various stages of development. The complexity of COVID-19 such as the potential mutations of the virus leading to antigenic drift and the uncertainty on the duration of the immunity induced by the vaccine have hampered the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1880210 |
| _version_ | 1827807640345903104 |
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| author | Nobunao Ikewaki Masaru Iwasaki Gene Kurosawa Kosagi-Sharaf Rao Johant Lakey-Beitia Senthilkumar Preethy Samuel JK Abraham |
| author_facet | Nobunao Ikewaki Masaru Iwasaki Gene Kurosawa Kosagi-Sharaf Rao Johant Lakey-Beitia Senthilkumar Preethy Samuel JK Abraham |
| author_sort | Nobunao Ikewaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventional vaccines to combat COVID-19 through different approaches are at various stages of development. The complexity of COVID-19 such as the potential mutations of the virus leading to antigenic drift and the uncertainty on the duration of the immunity induced by the vaccine have hampered the efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we suggest an alternative interim treatment strategy based on biological response modifier glucans such as the Aureobasidium pullulans AFO-202-derived β-glucan, which has been reported to induce trained immunity, akin to that induced by the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, by epigenetic modifications at the central level in the bone marrow. These β-glucans act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, activating mucosal immunity by binding with specific pathogen recognition receptors such as dectin-1 and inducing both the adaptive and innate immunity by reaching distant lymphoid organs. β-Glucans have also been used as immune adjuvants for vaccines such as the influenza vaccine. Therefore, until a conventional vaccine is widely available, an orally consumable vaccine adjuvant that acts like biosimilars, termed as the wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach, with well-reported safety is worth in-depth investigation and can be considered for a clinical trial. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:00:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0478231d12be4362a48404c124b550a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:00:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0478231d12be4362a48404c124b550a22023-09-25T11:13:19ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2021-08-011782808281310.1080/21645515.2021.18802101880210β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19Nobunao Ikewaki0Masaru Iwasaki1Gene Kurosawa2Kosagi-Sharaf Rao3Johant Lakey-Beitia4Senthilkumar Preethy5Samuel JK Abraham6Kyushu University of Health and WelfareUniversity of Yamanashi - School of MedicineFujita Health UniversityCity of KnowledgeCity of KnowledgeNichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)Conventional vaccines to combat COVID-19 through different approaches are at various stages of development. The complexity of COVID-19 such as the potential mutations of the virus leading to antigenic drift and the uncertainty on the duration of the immunity induced by the vaccine have hampered the efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we suggest an alternative interim treatment strategy based on biological response modifier glucans such as the Aureobasidium pullulans AFO-202-derived β-glucan, which has been reported to induce trained immunity, akin to that induced by the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, by epigenetic modifications at the central level in the bone marrow. These β-glucans act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, activating mucosal immunity by binding with specific pathogen recognition receptors such as dectin-1 and inducing both the adaptive and innate immunity by reaching distant lymphoid organs. β-Glucans have also been used as immune adjuvants for vaccines such as the influenza vaccine. Therefore, until a conventional vaccine is widely available, an orally consumable vaccine adjuvant that acts like biosimilars, termed as the wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach, with well-reported safety is worth in-depth investigation and can be considered for a clinical trial.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1880210covid-19vaccine adjuvantafo-202 beta glucantrained immunityimmune enhancement |
| spellingShingle | Nobunao Ikewaki Masaru Iwasaki Gene Kurosawa Kosagi-Sharaf Rao Johant Lakey-Beitia Senthilkumar Preethy Samuel JK Abraham β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics covid-19 vaccine adjuvant afo-202 beta glucan trained immunity immune enhancement |
| title | β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 |
| title_full | β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 |
| title_short | β-glucans: wide-spectrum immune-balancing food-supplement-based enteric (β-WIFE) vaccine adjuvant approach to COVID-19 |
| title_sort | β glucans wide spectrum immune balancing food supplement based enteric β wife vaccine adjuvant approach to covid 19 |
| topic | covid-19 vaccine adjuvant afo-202 beta glucan trained immunity immune enhancement |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1880210 |
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