Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study
Fatigue and dyspnoea are common post-COVID symptoms. The aim of this study was to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the evolution and trajectory of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea symptoms in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. A total of 1266 previousl...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1863 |
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| author | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón |
| author_facet | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón |
| author_sort | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fatigue and dyspnoea are common post-COVID symptoms. The aim of this study was to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the evolution and trajectory of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea symptoms in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. A total of 1266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 participated in this multicentre study. They were assessed at hospital admission (T0), 8.4 months (T1), 13.2 months (T2) and 18.3 months (T3) after hospital discharge and were asked about the presence of self-reported fatigue or dyspnoea symptoms. Fatigue was defined as a self-perceived feeling of constant tiredness and/or weakness whereas dyspnoea was defined as a self-perceived feeling of shortness of breath at rest. We specifically asked for fatigue and dyspnoea that participants attributed to the infection. Clinical/hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records. The prevalence of post-COVID fatigue was 56.94% (<i>n</i> = 721) at T1, 52.31% (<i>n</i> = 662) at T2 and 42.66% (<i>n</i> = 540) at T3. The prevalence of dyspnoea at rest decreased from 28.71% (<i>n</i> = 363) at hospital admission (T0), to 21.29% (<i>n</i> = 270) at T1, to 13.96% (<i>n</i> = 177) at T2 and 12.04% (<i>n</i> = 153) at T3. The Sankey plots revealed that 469 (37.08%) and 153 (12.04%) patients exhibited fatigue and dyspnoea at all follow-up periods. The recovery exponential curves show a decreased prevalence trend, showing that fatigue and dyspnoea recover the following three years after hospitalization. The regression models revealed that the female sex and experiencing the symptoms (e.g., fatigue, dyspnoea) at T1 were factors associated with the presence of post-COVID fatigue or dyspnoea at T2 and T3. The use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea during the first two years after infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decreased prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after. The female sex is a risk factor for the development of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:16:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-048bbfd63fe24f5aa2f6b01ae523a546 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:16:11Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-048bbfd63fe24f5aa2f6b01ae523a5462023-11-18T18:26:06ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-06-01117186310.3390/biomedicines11071863Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter StudyCésar Fernández-de-las-Peñas0Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo1Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez2Stella Fuensalida-Novo3José D. Martín-Guerrero4Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero5Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón6Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, SpainIntelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Valencia, SpainImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, 46980 València, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, SpainFatigue and dyspnoea are common post-COVID symptoms. The aim of this study was to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the evolution and trajectory of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea symptoms in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. A total of 1266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 participated in this multicentre study. They were assessed at hospital admission (T0), 8.4 months (T1), 13.2 months (T2) and 18.3 months (T3) after hospital discharge and were asked about the presence of self-reported fatigue or dyspnoea symptoms. Fatigue was defined as a self-perceived feeling of constant tiredness and/or weakness whereas dyspnoea was defined as a self-perceived feeling of shortness of breath at rest. We specifically asked for fatigue and dyspnoea that participants attributed to the infection. Clinical/hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records. The prevalence of post-COVID fatigue was 56.94% (<i>n</i> = 721) at T1, 52.31% (<i>n</i> = 662) at T2 and 42.66% (<i>n</i> = 540) at T3. The prevalence of dyspnoea at rest decreased from 28.71% (<i>n</i> = 363) at hospital admission (T0), to 21.29% (<i>n</i> = 270) at T1, to 13.96% (<i>n</i> = 177) at T2 and 12.04% (<i>n</i> = 153) at T3. The Sankey plots revealed that 469 (37.08%) and 153 (12.04%) patients exhibited fatigue and dyspnoea at all follow-up periods. The recovery exponential curves show a decreased prevalence trend, showing that fatigue and dyspnoea recover the following three years after hospitalization. The regression models revealed that the female sex and experiencing the symptoms (e.g., fatigue, dyspnoea) at T1 were factors associated with the presence of post-COVID fatigue or dyspnoea at T2 and T3. The use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea during the first two years after infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decreased prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after. The female sex is a risk factor for the development of post-COVID fatigue and dyspnoea.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1863COVID-19fatiguedyspnoeasymptomstrajectorySankey plots |
| spellingShingle | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study Biomedicines COVID-19 fatigue dyspnoea symptoms trajectory Sankey plots |
| title | Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_full | Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_fullStr | Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_short | Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_sort | trajectory of post covid self reported fatigue and dyspnoea in individuals who had been hospitalized by covid 19 the long covid exp multicenter study |
| topic | COVID-19 fatigue dyspnoea symptoms trajectory Sankey plots |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/7/1863 |
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