Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests
Background: S. alopecuroides, Z. officinale and M. officinalis are used traditionally in the treatment of pain. Objective: To evaluate the plants effects in the rat formalin test and their activity on the opioid receptors. Methods: Each rat was placed individually in a cage for 30 min to get acclima...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institue of Medicinal Plants, ACECR
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medicinal Plants |
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| Online Access: | http://jmp.ir/article-1-628-en.html |
| _version_ | 1818602122100342784 |
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| author | S Kianbakht R Hajiaghaee |
| author_facet | S Kianbakht R Hajiaghaee |
| author_sort | S Kianbakht |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: S. alopecuroides, Z. officinale and M. officinalis are used traditionally in the treatment of pain. Objective: To evaluate the plants effects in the rat formalin test and their activity on the opioid receptors. Methods: Each rat was placed individually in a cage for 30 min to get acclimated. Then 0.05 mL of 10% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw of the rat. Afterward, the animal was returned to the cage for observation. Pain responses were scored at 30 and 60 min after formalin injection. 90% ethanol extract was injected subcutaneously 30 min before formalin injection. To evaluate the role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effect of the extracts inhibiting the early phase of the test, naloxone was injected subcutaneously 30 min before extract injection. Moreover, the extracts effects on the Straub reaction were studied in mice. Mice were placed in individual cages immediately after extract injection for observation. The positive Straub tail response was considered as a persistent elevation of the tail at an angle more than 45º, 30 min after extract injection. Results: S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis inhibited both phases of the formalin test (p<0.05), but Z. officinale inhibited only the late phase (p<0.05). Naloxone did not reverse the effects of S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis in the formalin test. Further, the extracts did not cause Straub reaction. Conclusion: The plants have analgesic effect without opioid including µ2 receptor activity and may not produce the side effects caused by activation of µ2 receptors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:02:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-048fcea3286d48ec9a60ff7a697afab6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2717-204X 2717-2058 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:02:15Z |
| publishDate | 2014-09-01 |
| publisher | Institue of Medicinal Plants, ACECR |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medicinal Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-048fcea3286d48ec9a60ff7a697afab62022-12-21T22:30:48ZengInstitue of Medicinal Plants, ACECRJournal of Medicinal Plants2717-204X2717-20582014-09-0113513340Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail TestsS Kianbakht0R Hajiaghaee1 Pharmacology & Applied Medicine Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Background: S. alopecuroides, Z. officinale and M. officinalis are used traditionally in the treatment of pain. Objective: To evaluate the plants effects in the rat formalin test and their activity on the opioid receptors. Methods: Each rat was placed individually in a cage for 30 min to get acclimated. Then 0.05 mL of 10% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw of the rat. Afterward, the animal was returned to the cage for observation. Pain responses were scored at 30 and 60 min after formalin injection. 90% ethanol extract was injected subcutaneously 30 min before formalin injection. To evaluate the role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effect of the extracts inhibiting the early phase of the test, naloxone was injected subcutaneously 30 min before extract injection. Moreover, the extracts effects on the Straub reaction were studied in mice. Mice were placed in individual cages immediately after extract injection for observation. The positive Straub tail response was considered as a persistent elevation of the tail at an angle more than 45º, 30 min after extract injection. Results: S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis inhibited both phases of the formalin test (p<0.05), but Z. officinale inhibited only the late phase (p<0.05). Naloxone did not reverse the effects of S. alopecuroides and M. officinalis in the formalin test. Further, the extracts did not cause Straub reaction. Conclusion: The plants have analgesic effect without opioid including µ2 receptor activity and may not produce the side effects caused by activation of µ2 receptors.http://jmp.ir/article-1-628-en.htmladverse drug reactionanalgesiatraditional medicine |
| spellingShingle | S Kianbakht R Hajiaghaee Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests Journal of Medicinal Plants adverse drug reaction analgesia traditional medicine |
| title | Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests |
| title_full | Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests |
| title_short | Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L., Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in Formalin and Straub Tail Tests |
| title_sort | effects of sophora alopecuroides l zingiber officinale rosc and melissa officinalis l in formalin and straub tail tests |
| topic | adverse drug reaction analgesia traditional medicine |
| url | http://jmp.ir/article-1-628-en.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT skianbakht effectsofsophoraalopecuroideslzingiberofficinaleroscandmelissaofficinalislinformalinandstraubtailtests AT rhajiaghaee effectsofsophoraalopecuroideslzingiberofficinaleroscandmelissaofficinalislinformalinandstraubtailtests |