Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science
Meeting the demands of sustainable energy economy requires diagnostics of the chemical processes surrounding future fuels and contemporary combustion applications. Pioneered in 1970, Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICAS) has evolved to be a powerful instrument in the toolbox of combustion...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000062 |
| _version_ | 1797277261497368576 |
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| author | Uri Zamir Joshua H. Baraban Peter Fjodorow Igor Rahinov |
| author_facet | Uri Zamir Joshua H. Baraban Peter Fjodorow Igor Rahinov |
| author_sort | Uri Zamir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meeting the demands of sustainable energy economy requires diagnostics of the chemical processes surrounding future fuels and contemporary combustion applications. Pioneered in 1970, Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICAS) has evolved to be a powerful instrument in the toolbox of combustion diagnostics. It owes its ultra-high sensitivity to the enhancement of the effective absorption pathlength by placing the absorber inside the cavity of a broadband laser. In this review we introduce the complementary strengths of ICAS to other methods: ultra-high sensitivity to narrowband absorption alongside the immunity to broadband losses, multiplexed detection and (µs-scale)-temporal resolution. We outline the basic concepts and features of ICAS, focusing on the laser dynamics regime where an absorbing sample in the laser resonator yields the well-known Lambert-Beer law. We chart the progress made over the years in visible (dye-jet laser) and near infrared (fiber laser) ICAS speciation in flames, by highlighting case studies where species like long considered ''hard-to detect'' 1CH2 and HCO radicals, along with O-atoms, C2, NH2, HNO, CN, and HCN were measured, as well as thermometry and speciation applications demonstrated in shock tubes, flow-cells and flames based on (stationary or time-resolved) measurements of multicomponent spectral matrices containing lines of CH4, C2H2, CO2, CO, OH and H2O. We highlight the contributions of ICAS in gas-phase nanomaterial synthesis, exemplified in prototypical iron-doped flames and discuss prospective applications in spray-flame pyrolysis and metal-powder combustion. Finally, we present advances in the development of lasing media based on Cr2+ and Fe2+-doped chalcogenide crystals and fluoride crystals doped with trivalent lanthanides, that meet the (ICAS-specific) requirement associated with the necessity to have a gain media lasing directly in the desired wavelength range, and therefore to expand this technique into the important mid-infrared and ultraviolet spectral ranges. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:45:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0494f047a21249108157230b1da29e7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-352X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:45:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0494f047a21249108157230b1da29e7e2024-03-05T04:31:00ZengElsevierApplications in Energy and Combustion Science2666-352X2024-03-0117100251Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy scienceUri Zamir0Joshua H. Baraban1Peter Fjodorow2Igor Rahinov3Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, IsraelDepartment of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, IsraelEMPI, Institute for Energy and Materials Processes –Reactive Fluids, University of Duisburg-Essen, GermanyDepartment of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Israel; Corresponding authors.Meeting the demands of sustainable energy economy requires diagnostics of the chemical processes surrounding future fuels and contemporary combustion applications. Pioneered in 1970, Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICAS) has evolved to be a powerful instrument in the toolbox of combustion diagnostics. It owes its ultra-high sensitivity to the enhancement of the effective absorption pathlength by placing the absorber inside the cavity of a broadband laser. In this review we introduce the complementary strengths of ICAS to other methods: ultra-high sensitivity to narrowband absorption alongside the immunity to broadband losses, multiplexed detection and (µs-scale)-temporal resolution. We outline the basic concepts and features of ICAS, focusing on the laser dynamics regime where an absorbing sample in the laser resonator yields the well-known Lambert-Beer law. We chart the progress made over the years in visible (dye-jet laser) and near infrared (fiber laser) ICAS speciation in flames, by highlighting case studies where species like long considered ''hard-to detect'' 1CH2 and HCO radicals, along with O-atoms, C2, NH2, HNO, CN, and HCN were measured, as well as thermometry and speciation applications demonstrated in shock tubes, flow-cells and flames based on (stationary or time-resolved) measurements of multicomponent spectral matrices containing lines of CH4, C2H2, CO2, CO, OH and H2O. We highlight the contributions of ICAS in gas-phase nanomaterial synthesis, exemplified in prototypical iron-doped flames and discuss prospective applications in spray-flame pyrolysis and metal-powder combustion. Finally, we present advances in the development of lasing media based on Cr2+ and Fe2+-doped chalcogenide crystals and fluoride crystals doped with trivalent lanthanides, that meet the (ICAS-specific) requirement associated with the necessity to have a gain media lasing directly in the desired wavelength range, and therefore to expand this technique into the important mid-infrared and ultraviolet spectral ranges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000062Intracavity laser absorptionUltrasensitive detectionZero-carbon fuelsAbsolute concentrationMid infra-redUltraviolet |
| spellingShingle | Uri Zamir Joshua H. Baraban Peter Fjodorow Igor Rahinov Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science Applications in Energy and Combustion Science Intracavity laser absorption Ultrasensitive detection Zero-carbon fuels Absolute concentration Mid infra-red Ultraviolet |
| title | Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science |
| title_full | Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science |
| title_fullStr | Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science |
| title_short | Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science |
| title_sort | intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy performance and advantages for energy science |
| topic | Intracavity laser absorption Ultrasensitive detection Zero-carbon fuels Absolute concentration Mid infra-red Ultraviolet |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000062 |
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