The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate
In order to prevent solids from forming during the transportation and handling of liquid propane, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>(<i>l</i>), the fluid is dehydrated to a level below the water dew point concentration for the coldest operating temperature. Thus, accurate...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6295 |
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| author | Kayode I. Adeniyi Connor E. Deering Robert A. Marriott |
| author_facet | Kayode I. Adeniyi Connor E. Deering Robert A. Marriott |
| author_sort | Kayode I. Adeniyi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to prevent solids from forming during the transportation and handling of liquid propane, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>(<i>l</i>), the fluid is dehydrated to a level below the water dew point concentration for the coldest operating temperature. Thus, accurate calculation of the saturation water content for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> is important to determine the designed allowable concentration in liquid C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>. In this work, we measured the water content of liquid C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> in the presence of the structure II hydrate from <i>p</i> = 1.081 to 40.064 MPa and <i>T</i> = 241.95 to 276.11 K using a tunable diode absorption spectroscopy technique. The water content results were modelled using the reference quality reduced Helmholtz equations and the Sloan et al. model for the non-hydrate and hydrate phases, respectively. Calculations show a good agreement (an average difference of less than 12 ppm) when compared to our measurements. Furthermore, the model was also used for calculating the dissociation temperatures for three phase loci, where a relative difference greater than 5 K was observed compared to the literature, hence our previously model reported by Adeniyi et al. is recommended for three phase loci calculations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:27:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0495f8b782874e7ca491ac3b335a7ea0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:27:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-0495f8b782874e7ca491ac3b335a7ea02023-11-20T22:50:00ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-011323629510.3390/en13236295The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII HydrateKayode I. Adeniyi0Connor E. Deering1Robert A. Marriott2Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaIn order to prevent solids from forming during the transportation and handling of liquid propane, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>(<i>l</i>), the fluid is dehydrated to a level below the water dew point concentration for the coldest operating temperature. Thus, accurate calculation of the saturation water content for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> is important to determine the designed allowable concentration in liquid C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>. In this work, we measured the water content of liquid C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> in the presence of the structure II hydrate from <i>p</i> = 1.081 to 40.064 MPa and <i>T</i> = 241.95 to 276.11 K using a tunable diode absorption spectroscopy technique. The water content results were modelled using the reference quality reduced Helmholtz equations and the Sloan et al. model for the non-hydrate and hydrate phases, respectively. Calculations show a good agreement (an average difference of less than 12 ppm) when compared to our measurements. Furthermore, the model was also used for calculating the dissociation temperatures for three phase loci, where a relative difference greater than 5 K was observed compared to the literature, hence our previously model reported by Adeniyi et al. is recommended for three phase loci calculations.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6295propanestructure type II hydratewater contentflow assurance |
| spellingShingle | Kayode I. Adeniyi Connor E. Deering Robert A. Marriott The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate Energies propane structure type II hydrate water content flow assurance |
| title | The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate |
| title_full | The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate |
| title_fullStr | The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate |
| title_short | The Saturated Water Content of Liquid Propane in Equilibrium with the sII Hydrate |
| title_sort | saturated water content of liquid propane in equilibrium with the sii hydrate |
| topic | propane structure type II hydrate water content flow assurance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6295 |
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