Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method
Objective: While long-term dynamic breath-holding training has been extensively studied to enhance cardiopulmonary function in athletes, limited research has explored the impact of a single breath-holding session on subsequent athletic capacity. In addition, Dry Dynamic Apnea (DA) has a more immedia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1269656/full |
| _version_ | 1797354400257146880 |
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| author | Wang Wendi Wu Dongzhe Wang Hao Shi Yongjin Gao Xiaolin |
| author_facet | Wang Wendi Wu Dongzhe Wang Hao Shi Yongjin Gao Xiaolin |
| author_sort | Wang Wendi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: While long-term dynamic breath-holding training has been extensively studied to enhance cardiopulmonary function in athletes, limited research has explored the impact of a single breath-holding session on subsequent athletic capacity. In addition, Dry Dynamic Apnea (DA) has a more immediate physiological response than wet and static breath-holding. This study aims to assess the immediate effects of a single session of DA on the aerobic power and hematological parameters of elite athletes.Methods: Seventeen elite male rugby athletes (average age 23.5 ± 1.8) participated in this study. Two warm-up protocols were employed prior to incremental exercise: a standard warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling) and a DA warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling accompanied by six maximum capacity breath holds, with 30 s between each breath hold). Fingertip blood indicators were measured before and after warm-up. The incremental exercise test assessed aerobic parameters with self-regulation applied throughout the study.Results: Compared to the baseline warm-up, the DA warm-up resulted in a significant increase in VO2peak from 3.14 to 3.38 L/min (7.64% change, p < 0.05). HRmax increased from 170 to 183 bpm (7.34% change, p < 0.05), and HRpeak increased from 169 to 182 bpm (7.52% change, p < 0.05). Hematocrit and hemoglobin showed differential changes between the two warm-up methods (PHematocrit = 0.674; Phemoglobin = 0.707).Conclusion: This study investigates how DA influences physiological factors such as spleen contraction, oxygen uptake, and sympathetic nerve activation compared to traditional warm-up methods. Immediate improvements in aerobic power suggest reduced vagus nerve stimulation, heightened sympathetic activity, and alterations in respiratory metabolism induced by the voluntarily hypoxia-triggered warm-up. Further research is warranted to comprehensively understand these physiological responses and optimize warm-up strategies for elite athletic performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:49:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0498b0e662d044ce9907078894be05ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:49:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0498b0e662d044ce9907078894be05ca2024-01-16T04:36:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2024-01-011410.3389/fphys.2023.12696561269656Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up methodWang Wendi0Wu Dongzhe1Wang Hao2Shi Yongjin3Gao Xiaolin4Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, ChinaSports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, ChinaSports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Sports and Arts, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaSports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, ChinaObjective: While long-term dynamic breath-holding training has been extensively studied to enhance cardiopulmonary function in athletes, limited research has explored the impact of a single breath-holding session on subsequent athletic capacity. In addition, Dry Dynamic Apnea (DA) has a more immediate physiological response than wet and static breath-holding. This study aims to assess the immediate effects of a single session of DA on the aerobic power and hematological parameters of elite athletes.Methods: Seventeen elite male rugby athletes (average age 23.5 ± 1.8) participated in this study. Two warm-up protocols were employed prior to incremental exercise: a standard warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling) and a DA warm-up (10 min of no-load pedaling accompanied by six maximum capacity breath holds, with 30 s between each breath hold). Fingertip blood indicators were measured before and after warm-up. The incremental exercise test assessed aerobic parameters with self-regulation applied throughout the study.Results: Compared to the baseline warm-up, the DA warm-up resulted in a significant increase in VO2peak from 3.14 to 3.38 L/min (7.64% change, p < 0.05). HRmax increased from 170 to 183 bpm (7.34% change, p < 0.05), and HRpeak increased from 169 to 182 bpm (7.52% change, p < 0.05). Hematocrit and hemoglobin showed differential changes between the two warm-up methods (PHematocrit = 0.674; Phemoglobin = 0.707).Conclusion: This study investigates how DA influences physiological factors such as spleen contraction, oxygen uptake, and sympathetic nerve activation compared to traditional warm-up methods. Immediate improvements in aerobic power suggest reduced vagus nerve stimulation, heightened sympathetic activity, and alterations in respiratory metabolism induced by the voluntarily hypoxia-triggered warm-up. Further research is warranted to comprehensively understand these physiological responses and optimize warm-up strategies for elite athletic performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1269656/fulldynamic apneabreath-holdingdiving reflexelite athletescardiorespiratory optimal point |
| spellingShingle | Wang Wendi Wu Dongzhe Wang Hao Shi Yongjin Gao Xiaolin Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method Frontiers in Physiology dynamic apnea breath-holding diving reflex elite athletes cardiorespiratory optimal point |
| title | Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method |
| title_full | Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method |
| title_fullStr | Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method |
| title_short | Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method |
| title_sort | effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes a warm up method |
| topic | dynamic apnea breath-holding diving reflex elite athletes cardiorespiratory optimal point |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1269656/full |
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