Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) represents a condition in which the normal protective Lactobacilli, especially those that produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, are replaced by high quantities of facultative anaerobes, leading to gynecologic and obstetric post-operative complications....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/9/1218 |
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| author | Afroditi Ziogou Eleftherios Ziogos Ilias Giannakodimos Alexios Giannakodimos Stavros Sifakis Petros Ioannou Sotirios Tsiodras |
| author_facet | Afroditi Ziogou Eleftherios Ziogos Ilias Giannakodimos Alexios Giannakodimos Stavros Sifakis Petros Ioannou Sotirios Tsiodras |
| author_sort | Afroditi Ziogou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial vaginosis (BV) represents a condition in which the normal protective Lactobacilli, especially those that produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, are replaced by high quantities of facultative anaerobes, leading to gynecologic and obstetric post-operative complications. BV is an important cause of obstetric and gynecological adverse sequelae and it could lead to an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, <i>Chlamydia</i>, <i>Trichomonas</i>, and human immunodeficiency virus. Herein, we reviewed bacterial vaginosis and its association with post-operative pelvic infections. In Obstetrics, BV has been associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, first-trimester miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amniotic fluid infections, postpartum and postabortal endomyometritis as well as postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In gynecology, BV increases the risk of post-hysterectomy infections such as vaginal cuff cellulitis, pelvic cellulitis, pelvic abscess, and PID. BV is often asymptomatic, can resolve spontaneously, and often relapses with or without treatment. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends testing for BV in women having an increased risk for preterm delivery. Women with symptoms should be evaluated and treated. Women with BV undergoing gynecological surgeries must be treated to reduce the frequency of post-operative pelvic infections. Metronidazole and clindamycin are the mainstays of therapy. Currently, there is no consensus on pre-surgery screening for BV; decisions are made on a case-by-case basis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:17:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04a2d2484a024f0daba32d7e2697632d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:17:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-04a2d2484a024f0daba32d7e2697632d2023-11-17T22:56:57ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322023-04-01119121810.3390/healthcare11091218Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic InfectionsAfroditi Ziogou0Eleftherios Ziogos1Ilias Giannakodimos2Alexios Giannakodimos3Stavros Sifakis4Petros Ioannou5Sotirios Tsiodras6School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, GreeceSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceMitera Maternity Hospital, 71202 Heraklion, GreeceSchool of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceBacterial vaginosis (BV) represents a condition in which the normal protective Lactobacilli, especially those that produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, are replaced by high quantities of facultative anaerobes, leading to gynecologic and obstetric post-operative complications. BV is an important cause of obstetric and gynecological adverse sequelae and it could lead to an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, genital herpes, <i>Chlamydia</i>, <i>Trichomonas</i>, and human immunodeficiency virus. Herein, we reviewed bacterial vaginosis and its association with post-operative pelvic infections. In Obstetrics, BV has been associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, first-trimester miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, amniotic fluid infections, postpartum and postabortal endomyometritis as well as postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In gynecology, BV increases the risk of post-hysterectomy infections such as vaginal cuff cellulitis, pelvic cellulitis, pelvic abscess, and PID. BV is often asymptomatic, can resolve spontaneously, and often relapses with or without treatment. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends testing for BV in women having an increased risk for preterm delivery. Women with symptoms should be evaluated and treated. Women with BV undergoing gynecological surgeries must be treated to reduce the frequency of post-operative pelvic infections. Metronidazole and clindamycin are the mainstays of therapy. Currently, there is no consensus on pre-surgery screening for BV; decisions are made on a case-by-case basis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/9/1218bacterial vaginosisclindamycinmetronidazoleobstetric complicationspelvic inflammatory diseasepreterm delivery |
| spellingShingle | Afroditi Ziogou Eleftherios Ziogos Ilias Giannakodimos Alexios Giannakodimos Stavros Sifakis Petros Ioannou Sotirios Tsiodras Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections Healthcare bacterial vaginosis clindamycin metronidazole obstetric complications pelvic inflammatory disease preterm delivery |
| title | Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections |
| title_full | Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections |
| title_short | Bacterial Vaginosis and Post-Operative Pelvic Infections |
| title_sort | bacterial vaginosis and post operative pelvic infections |
| topic | bacterial vaginosis clindamycin metronidazole obstetric complications pelvic inflammatory disease preterm delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/9/1218 |
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