The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting
Abstract Introduction Even in nonpandemic times, persons with disabilities experience emotional and behavioral disturbances which are distressing for them and for their close persons. We aimed at comparing the levels of stress in emotional and behavioral aspects, before and during coronavirus diseas...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Brain and Behavior |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2440 |
| _version_ | 1818329796141121536 |
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| author | Alejandro Garcia‐Rudolph Joan Sauri Alberto Garcia‐Molina Blanca Cegarra Eloy Opisso Josep Maria Tormos Dietmar Frey Vince Istvan Madai Montserrat Bernabeu |
| author_facet | Alejandro Garcia‐Rudolph Joan Sauri Alberto Garcia‐Molina Blanca Cegarra Eloy Opisso Josep Maria Tormos Dietmar Frey Vince Istvan Madai Montserrat Bernabeu |
| author_sort | Alejandro Garcia‐Rudolph |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Even in nonpandemic times, persons with disabilities experience emotional and behavioral disturbances which are distressing for them and for their close persons. We aimed at comparing the levels of stress in emotional and behavioral aspects, before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as reported by informal family caregivers of individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke living in the community, considering two different stratifications of the recipients of care (cause and injury severity). Methods We conducted a STROBE‐compliant prospective observational study analyzing informal caregivers of individuals with stroke (IC‐STROKE) or traumatic brain injury (IC‐TBI). IC‐STROKE and IC‐TBI were assessed in‐person before and during COVID‐19 online, using the Head Injury Behavior Scale (HIBS). The HIBS comprises behavioral and emotional subtotals (10 items each) and a total‐HIBS. Comparisons were performed using the McNemar's test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test or t‐test. Recipients of care were stratified according to their injury severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results One hundred twenty‐two informal caregivers (62.3% IC‐STROKE and 37.7% IC‐TBI) were assessed online between June 2020 and April 2021 and compared to their own assessments performed in‐person 1.74 ± 0.88 years before the COVID‐19 lockdown. IC‐STROKE significantly increased their level of stress during COVID‐19 in five emotional items (impatience, frequent complaining, often disputes topics, mood change and overly sensitive) and in one behavioral item (overly dependent). IC‐TBI stress level only increased in one behavioral item (impulsivity). By injury severity, (i) mild (14.7%) showed no significant differences in emotional and behavioral either total‐HIBS (ii) moderate (28.7%) showed significant emotional differences in two items (frequent complaining and mood change) and (iii) severe (56.6%) showed significant differences in emotional (often disputes topics) and behavioral (impulsivity) items. Conclusions Our results suggest specific items in which informal caregivers could be supported considering cause or severity of the recipients of care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:53:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04b483c3c76940888b0324bb9b17ad25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2162-3279 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:53:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain and Behavior |
| spelling | doaj.art-04b483c3c76940888b0324bb9b17ad252022-12-21T23:45:15ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792022-01-01121n/an/a10.1002/brb3.2440The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean settingAlejandro Garcia‐Rudolph0Joan Sauri1Alberto Garcia‐Molina2Blanca Cegarra3Eloy Opisso4Josep Maria Tormos5Dietmar Frey6Vince Istvan Madai7Montserrat Bernabeu8Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainCLAIM Charité Lab for AI in Medicine Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin GermanyCLAIM Charité Lab for AI in Medicine Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin GermanyUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès SpainAbstract Introduction Even in nonpandemic times, persons with disabilities experience emotional and behavioral disturbances which are distressing for them and for their close persons. We aimed at comparing the levels of stress in emotional and behavioral aspects, before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as reported by informal family caregivers of individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke living in the community, considering two different stratifications of the recipients of care (cause and injury severity). Methods We conducted a STROBE‐compliant prospective observational study analyzing informal caregivers of individuals with stroke (IC‐STROKE) or traumatic brain injury (IC‐TBI). IC‐STROKE and IC‐TBI were assessed in‐person before and during COVID‐19 online, using the Head Injury Behavior Scale (HIBS). The HIBS comprises behavioral and emotional subtotals (10 items each) and a total‐HIBS. Comparisons were performed using the McNemar's test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test or t‐test. Recipients of care were stratified according to their injury severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results One hundred twenty‐two informal caregivers (62.3% IC‐STROKE and 37.7% IC‐TBI) were assessed online between June 2020 and April 2021 and compared to their own assessments performed in‐person 1.74 ± 0.88 years before the COVID‐19 lockdown. IC‐STROKE significantly increased their level of stress during COVID‐19 in five emotional items (impatience, frequent complaining, often disputes topics, mood change and overly sensitive) and in one behavioral item (overly dependent). IC‐TBI stress level only increased in one behavioral item (impulsivity). By injury severity, (i) mild (14.7%) showed no significant differences in emotional and behavioral either total‐HIBS (ii) moderate (28.7%) showed significant emotional differences in two items (frequent complaining and mood change) and (iii) severe (56.6%) showed significant differences in emotional (often disputes topics) and behavioral (impulsivity) items. Conclusions Our results suggest specific items in which informal caregivers could be supported considering cause or severity of the recipients of care.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2440behavioralCOVID‐19emotionalinformal caregiversstressstroke |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Garcia‐Rudolph Joan Sauri Alberto Garcia‐Molina Blanca Cegarra Eloy Opisso Josep Maria Tormos Dietmar Frey Vince Istvan Madai Montserrat Bernabeu The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting Brain and Behavior behavioral COVID‐19 emotional informal caregivers stress stroke |
| title | The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting |
| title_full | The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting |
| title_fullStr | The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting |
| title_short | The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a Mediterranean setting |
| title_sort | impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emotional and behavioral stress of informal family caregivers of individuals with stroke or traumatic brain injury at chronic phase living in a mediterranean setting |
| topic | behavioral COVID‐19 emotional informal caregivers stress stroke |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2440 |
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