Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials
Green synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4203 |
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| author | Abdur Rahman Gauhar Rehman Nasrullah Shah Muhammad Hamayun Sajid Ali Abid Ali Said karim Shah Waliullah Khan Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei |
| author_facet | Abdur Rahman Gauhar Rehman Nasrullah Shah Muhammad Hamayun Sajid Ali Abid Ali Said karim Shah Waliullah Khan Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei |
| author_sort | Abdur Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their anti-diabetic properties. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized silver nanoparticles from <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> (TT-AgNPs). The spectroscopic characterization revealed a surface Plasmon resonance band at 380 nm, which verified the development of TT-AgNPs. The transmittance peaks were observed at 596, 1450, 1631, 2856, 2921, and 3422 cm<sup>−1</sup> through the FTIR spectrophotometer. The XRD spectrum showed four distinct diffraction peaks in the 2θ range at 20° to 60°. Intense peaks were at 26.32°, 30.70°, 44.70°, 56.07°, 53.75°, 66.28°, and 75.32°. The SEM analysis revealed that the prepared TT-AgNPs were clustered loosely with a smooth and spherical structure and were of relatively uniform size. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of TT-AgNPs was assessed by using glucose yeast uptake, glucose adsorption, and alpha-amylase assays. TT-AgNPs showed the highest activity (78.45 ± 0.84%) of glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of TT-AgNPs was 10.40 ± 0.52% at 30 mM, while in the alpha-amylase assay, TT-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 75.68 ± 0.11% at 100 µg/mL. The results indicate a substantial anti-diabetic effect of the TT-AgNPs. Furthermore, the in vivo antidiabetic study was performed on TT-AgNPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After receiving TT-AgNPs treatment for 30 days, the mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of pancreatic and liver samples, which demonstrated a good improvement when compared to the control group. Mice treated with TT-AgNPs showed a significant drop in blood sugar levels, showing that the biosynthesized TT-AgNPs have effective anti-diabetic properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04c69b4f63fb4cfb939df47e652b6863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-04c69b4f63fb4cfb939df47e652b68632023-11-18T02:40:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012810420310.3390/molecules28104203Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic PotentialsAbdur Rahman0Gauhar Rehman1Nasrullah Shah2Muhammad Hamayun3Sajid Ali4Abid Ali5Said karim Shah6Waliullah Khan7Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah8Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei9Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi ArabiaGreen synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their anti-diabetic properties. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized silver nanoparticles from <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> (TT-AgNPs). The spectroscopic characterization revealed a surface Plasmon resonance band at 380 nm, which verified the development of TT-AgNPs. The transmittance peaks were observed at 596, 1450, 1631, 2856, 2921, and 3422 cm<sup>−1</sup> through the FTIR spectrophotometer. The XRD spectrum showed four distinct diffraction peaks in the 2θ range at 20° to 60°. Intense peaks were at 26.32°, 30.70°, 44.70°, 56.07°, 53.75°, 66.28°, and 75.32°. The SEM analysis revealed that the prepared TT-AgNPs were clustered loosely with a smooth and spherical structure and were of relatively uniform size. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of TT-AgNPs was assessed by using glucose yeast uptake, glucose adsorption, and alpha-amylase assays. TT-AgNPs showed the highest activity (78.45 ± 0.84%) of glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of TT-AgNPs was 10.40 ± 0.52% at 30 mM, while in the alpha-amylase assay, TT-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 75.68 ± 0.11% at 100 µg/mL. The results indicate a substantial anti-diabetic effect of the TT-AgNPs. Furthermore, the in vivo antidiabetic study was performed on TT-AgNPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After receiving TT-AgNPs treatment for 30 days, the mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of pancreatic and liver samples, which demonstrated a good improvement when compared to the control group. Mice treated with TT-AgNPs showed a significant drop in blood sugar levels, showing that the biosynthesized TT-AgNPs have effective anti-diabetic properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4203anti-diabeticgreen synthesissilver nano-particles<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> |
| spellingShingle | Abdur Rahman Gauhar Rehman Nasrullah Shah Muhammad Hamayun Sajid Ali Abid Ali Said karim Shah Waliullah Khan Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials Molecules anti-diabetic green synthesis silver nano-particles <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> |
| title | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials |
| title_full | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials |
| title_fullStr | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials |
| title_short | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials |
| title_sort | biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using i tribulus terrestris i seeds revealed promising antidiabetic potentials |
| topic | anti-diabetic green synthesis silver nano-particles <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4203 |
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