Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis
<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> causes a global parasitic disease. Therapeutic options for eradicating toxoplasmosis are limited. In this study, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were prepared, and their structural and morphological chrematistics were investigated. The XRD pattern revealed that Mg-doped...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| author | Mohamed H. Sarhan Shatha G. Felemban Walla Alelwani Hesham M. Sharaf Yasmin A. Abd El-Latif Elsayed Elgazzar Ahmad M. Kandil Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aya A. Mohamed |
| author_facet | Mohamed H. Sarhan Shatha G. Felemban Walla Alelwani Hesham M. Sharaf Yasmin A. Abd El-Latif Elsayed Elgazzar Ahmad M. Kandil Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aya A. Mohamed |
| author_sort | Mohamed H. Sarhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> causes a global parasitic disease. Therapeutic options for eradicating toxoplasmosis are limited. In this study, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were prepared, and their structural and morphological chrematistics were investigated. The XRD pattern revealed that Mg-doped ZnO NPs have weak crystallinity and a small crystallite size. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the integration of Mg ions into the ZnO framework, producing the high-purity Mg-doped ZnO nanocomposite. TEM micrographs determined the particle size of un-doped ZnO in the range of 29 nm, reduced to 23 nm with Mg<sup>2+</sup> replacements. ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs significantly decreased the number of brain cysts (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by 29.30% and 35.08%, respectively, compared to the infected untreated group. The administration of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs revealed a marked histopathological improvement in the brain, liver, and spleen. Furthermore, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs reduced P53 expression in the cerebral tissue while inducing CD31 expression, which indicated a protective effect against the infection-induced apoptosis and the restoration of balance between free radicals and antioxidant defense activity. In conclusion, the study proved these nanoparticles have antiparasitic, antiapoptotic, and angiogenetic effects. Being nontoxic compounds, these nanoparticles could be promising adjuvants in treating chronic toxoplasmosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:01Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-04cf907afa7b4232a3b38f77b618059c2024-01-26T18:06:06ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-01-0117111310.3390/ph17010113Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic ToxoplasmosisMohamed H. Sarhan0Shatha G. Felemban1Walla Alelwani2Hesham M. Sharaf3Yasmin A. Abd El-Latif4Elsayed Elgazzar5Ahmad M. Kandil6Guillermo Tellez-Isaias7Aya A. Mohamed8Microbiology Section, Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi ArabiaMedical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi ArabiaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, EgyptDepartment of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> causes a global parasitic disease. Therapeutic options for eradicating toxoplasmosis are limited. In this study, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were prepared, and their structural and morphological chrematistics were investigated. The XRD pattern revealed that Mg-doped ZnO NPs have weak crystallinity and a small crystallite size. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the integration of Mg ions into the ZnO framework, producing the high-purity Mg-doped ZnO nanocomposite. TEM micrographs determined the particle size of un-doped ZnO in the range of 29 nm, reduced to 23 nm with Mg<sup>2+</sup> replacements. ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs significantly decreased the number of brain cysts (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by 29.30% and 35.08%, respectively, compared to the infected untreated group. The administration of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs revealed a marked histopathological improvement in the brain, liver, and spleen. Furthermore, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs reduced P53 expression in the cerebral tissue while inducing CD31 expression, which indicated a protective effect against the infection-induced apoptosis and the restoration of balance between free radicals and antioxidant defense activity. In conclusion, the study proved these nanoparticles have antiparasitic, antiapoptotic, and angiogenetic effects. Being nontoxic compounds, these nanoparticles could be promising adjuvants in treating chronic toxoplasmosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/1/113brainCD31chronic toxoplasmosisME49 strainMg-doped ZnOnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed H. Sarhan Shatha G. Felemban Walla Alelwani Hesham M. Sharaf Yasmin A. Abd El-Latif Elsayed Elgazzar Ahmad M. Kandil Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Aya A. Mohamed Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis Pharmaceuticals brain CD31 chronic toxoplasmosis ME49 strain Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles |
| title | Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis |
| title_full | Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis |
| title_fullStr | Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis |
| title_short | Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis |
| title_sort | zinc oxide and magnesium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles ameliorate murine chronic toxoplasmosis |
| topic | brain CD31 chronic toxoplasmosis ME49 strain Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/1/113 |
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