Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model
Bone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/66 |
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| author | Elangovan Kalaiselvan Swapan Kumar Maiti Shivaraju Shivaramu Shajahan Amitha Banu Khan Sharun Divya Mohan Sangeetha Palakkara Sadhan Bag Monalisa Sahoo Suresh Ramalingam Jürgen Hescheler |
| author_facet | Elangovan Kalaiselvan Swapan Kumar Maiti Shivaraju Shivaramu Shajahan Amitha Banu Khan Sharun Divya Mohan Sangeetha Palakkara Sadhan Bag Monalisa Sahoo Suresh Ramalingam Jürgen Hescheler |
| author_sort | Elangovan Kalaiselvan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance regenerative outcomes. This study focuses on the application of a stem cell-laden nanomaterial scaffold designed for bone regeneration in rabbits. The in vivo study was conducted on thirty-six healthy skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits that were randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was considered the control, wherein a 15 mm critical-sized defect was created and left as such without any treatment. In group B, this defect was filled with a polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite (PCL + HAP) scaffold, whereas in group C, a PCL + HAP-carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH) scaffold was used. In group D, a PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used with local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. The rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded onto the PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold by the centrifugal method. In group E, an rBMSC-seeded PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used along with the local injection of rBMSC on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. For group F, in addition to the treatment given to group E, BMP-2 was administered locally on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. Gross observations, radiological observation, scanning electron microscopic assessment, and histological evaluation study showed that group F displayed the best healing properties, followed by group E, group D, group C, and B. Group A showed no healing with ends blunting minimal fibrous tissue. Incorporating growth factor BMP-2 in tissue-engineered rBMSC-loaded nanocomposite PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH construct can augment the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, thereby enhancing the healing in a critical-sized bone defect. This novel stem cell composite could prove worthy in the treatment of non-union and delayed union fractures in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:07:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04d5b694b6844b9fb56ef2daee3220d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:07:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-04d5b694b6844b9fb56ef2daee3220d92024-03-27T13:48:38ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832024-03-011536610.3390/jfb15030066Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect ModelElangovan Kalaiselvan0Swapan Kumar Maiti1Shivaraju Shivaramu2Shajahan Amitha Banu3Khan Sharun4Divya Mohan5Sangeetha Palakkara6Sadhan Bag7Monalisa Sahoo8Suresh Ramalingam9Jürgen Hescheler10Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaEastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, IndiaDivision of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, IndiaInstitute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, GermanyBone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance regenerative outcomes. This study focuses on the application of a stem cell-laden nanomaterial scaffold designed for bone regeneration in rabbits. The in vivo study was conducted on thirty-six healthy skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits that were randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was considered the control, wherein a 15 mm critical-sized defect was created and left as such without any treatment. In group B, this defect was filled with a polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite (PCL + HAP) scaffold, whereas in group C, a PCL + HAP-carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH) scaffold was used. In group D, a PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used with local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. The rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded onto the PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold by the centrifugal method. In group E, an rBMSC-seeded PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used along with the local injection of rBMSC on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. For group F, in addition to the treatment given to group E, BMP-2 was administered locally on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. Gross observations, radiological observation, scanning electron microscopic assessment, and histological evaluation study showed that group F displayed the best healing properties, followed by group E, group D, group C, and B. Group A showed no healing with ends blunting minimal fibrous tissue. Incorporating growth factor BMP-2 in tissue-engineered rBMSC-loaded nanocomposite PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH construct can augment the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, thereby enhancing the healing in a critical-sized bone defect. This novel stem cell composite could prove worthy in the treatment of non-union and delayed union fractures in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/66bone engineeringhydroxyapatitenanomaterial scaffoldsnanoscaffoldingregenerative medicinetissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Elangovan Kalaiselvan Swapan Kumar Maiti Shivaraju Shivaramu Shajahan Amitha Banu Khan Sharun Divya Mohan Sangeetha Palakkara Sadhan Bag Monalisa Sahoo Suresh Ramalingam Jürgen Hescheler Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model Journal of Functional Biomaterials bone engineering hydroxyapatite nanomaterial scaffolds nanoscaffolding regenerative medicine tissue engineering |
| title | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model |
| title_full | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model |
| title_fullStr | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model |
| title_short | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model |
| title_sort | bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell laden nanocomposite scaffolds enhance bone regeneration in rabbit critical size segmental bone defect model |
| topic | bone engineering hydroxyapatite nanomaterial scaffolds nanoscaffolding regenerative medicine tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/3/66 |
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