The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones
This study aimed to analyze the factors that impact the cloud point extraction of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The following independent variables were analyzed: Triton X-114 concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and incubation temperature. The dependent variable studied was recov...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/6/1774 |
| _version_ | 1827735929558663168 |
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| author | Aleksandra Michałowska Olga Kupczyk Andrzej Czyrski |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Michałowska Olga Kupczyk Andrzej Czyrski |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Michałowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to analyze the factors that impact the cloud point extraction of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The following independent variables were analyzed: Triton X-114 concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and incubation temperature. The dependent variable studied was recovery. A central composite design model was used. The applied quantitation method was HPLC. The method was validated for linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results underwent ANOVA<sup>®</sup> analysis. The polynomial equations were generated for each analyte. The response surface methodology graphs visualized them. The analysis showed that the factor most affecting the recovery of levofloxacin is the concentration of Triton X-114, while the recovery of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin is most affected by pH value. However, the concentration of Triton X-114 also plays an important role. The optimization resulted in the following recoveries: for ciprofloxacin, 60%; for levofloxacin, 75%; and for moxifloxacin, 84%, which are identical to those estimated with regression equations—59%, 74% and 81% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The research confirms the validity of using the model to analyze factors affecting the recovery of the analyzed compounds. The model allows for a thorough analysis of variables and their optimization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:01:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04e3c91a89d5437a829fe8088de89c0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:01:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-04e3c91a89d5437a829fe8088de89c0e2023-11-18T12:06:21ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-06-01156177410.3390/pharmaceutics15061774The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for FluoroquinolonesAleksandra Michałowska0Olga Kupczyk1Andrzej Czyrski2Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznań, PolandThis study aimed to analyze the factors that impact the cloud point extraction of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The following independent variables were analyzed: Triton X-114 concentration, NaCl concentration, pH, and incubation temperature. The dependent variable studied was recovery. A central composite design model was used. The applied quantitation method was HPLC. The method was validated for linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results underwent ANOVA<sup>®</sup> analysis. The polynomial equations were generated for each analyte. The response surface methodology graphs visualized them. The analysis showed that the factor most affecting the recovery of levofloxacin is the concentration of Triton X-114, while the recovery of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin is most affected by pH value. However, the concentration of Triton X-114 also plays an important role. The optimization resulted in the following recoveries: for ciprofloxacin, 60%; for levofloxacin, 75%; and for moxifloxacin, 84%, which are identical to those estimated with regression equations—59%, 74% and 81% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The research confirms the validity of using the model to analyze factors affecting the recovery of the analyzed compounds. The model allows for a thorough analysis of variables and their optimization.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/6/1774central composite designciprofloxacingreen chemistryHPLClevofloxacinmoxifloxacin |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Michałowska Olga Kupczyk Andrzej Czyrski The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones Pharmaceutics central composite design ciprofloxacin green chemistry HPLC levofloxacin moxifloxacin |
| title | The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones |
| title_full | The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones |
| title_fullStr | The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones |
| title_short | The Chemometric Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Cloud Point Extraction for Fluoroquinolones |
| title_sort | chemometric evaluation of the factors influencing cloud point extraction for fluoroquinolones |
| topic | central composite design ciprofloxacin green chemistry HPLC levofloxacin moxifloxacin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/6/1774 |
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