An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte
Due to the feasibility of an electrically rechargeable zinc/air cell made of a zinc foil as active material, an aqueous choline acetate (ChAcO) mixture as an electrolyte and a spinel MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) and NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>...
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2020-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2975 |
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| author | Mariappan Sakthivel Sai Praneet Batchu Abbas Ali Shah Kwangmin Kim Willi Peters Jean-Francois Drillet |
| author_facet | Mariappan Sakthivel Sai Praneet Batchu Abbas Ali Shah Kwangmin Kim Willi Peters Jean-Francois Drillet |
| author_sort | Mariappan Sakthivel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the feasibility of an electrically rechargeable zinc/air cell made of a zinc foil as active material, an aqueous choline acetate (ChAcO) mixture as an electrolyte and a spinel MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) and NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NCO) as a bi-functional oxygen catalyst was investigated in this work. The 30 wt.% water-containing aqueous ChAcO solution showed high contact angles close to those of KOH favoring triple-phase boundary formation in the gas diffusion electrode. Conductivity and pH value of 30 wt.% H<sub>2</sub>O/ChAcO amounted to 5.9 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> and 10.8, respectively. Best results in terms of reversible capacity and longevity of zinc/air cell were yielded during 100 h charge/discharge with the MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) air electrode polarization procedure at 100 µA cm<sup>−2</sup> (2.8 mA g<sup>−1</sup><sub>zinc</sub>). The corresponding reversible capacity amounted to 25.4 mAh (28% depth of discharge (DOD)) and the energy efficiency ranged from 29–54% during the first and seventh cycle within a 1500 h polarization period. Maximum active material utilization of zinc foil at 100 µA cm<sup>−2</sup> was determined to 38.1 mAh (42% DOD) whereas a further charging step was not possible due to irreversible passivation of the zinc foil surface. A special side-by-side optical cell was used to identify reaction products of the zinc/air system during a single discharge step in aqueous ChAcO that were identified as Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub> and ZnO by Raman analysis while no carbonate was detected. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:42:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-04f3b055b08447a2996c42165f4859272023-11-20T05:45:22ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-07-011313297510.3390/ma13132975An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate ElectrolyteMariappan Sakthivel0Sai Praneet Batchu1Abbas Ali Shah2Kwangmin Kim3Willi Peters4Jean-Francois Drillet5DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDue to the feasibility of an electrically rechargeable zinc/air cell made of a zinc foil as active material, an aqueous choline acetate (ChAcO) mixture as an electrolyte and a spinel MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) and NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NCO) as a bi-functional oxygen catalyst was investigated in this work. The 30 wt.% water-containing aqueous ChAcO solution showed high contact angles close to those of KOH favoring triple-phase boundary formation in the gas diffusion electrode. Conductivity and pH value of 30 wt.% H<sub>2</sub>O/ChAcO amounted to 5.9 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> and 10.8, respectively. Best results in terms of reversible capacity and longevity of zinc/air cell were yielded during 100 h charge/discharge with the MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) air electrode polarization procedure at 100 µA cm<sup>−2</sup> (2.8 mA g<sup>−1</sup><sub>zinc</sub>). The corresponding reversible capacity amounted to 25.4 mAh (28% depth of discharge (DOD)) and the energy efficiency ranged from 29–54% during the first and seventh cycle within a 1500 h polarization period. Maximum active material utilization of zinc foil at 100 µA cm<sup>−2</sup> was determined to 38.1 mAh (42% DOD) whereas a further charging step was not possible due to irreversible passivation of the zinc foil surface. A special side-by-side optical cell was used to identify reaction products of the zinc/air system during a single discharge step in aqueous ChAcO that were identified as Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub> and ZnO by Raman analysis while no carbonate was detected.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2975zinc/air batterycholine acetateBi-functional spinel catalystOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) – oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) activity |
| spellingShingle | Mariappan Sakthivel Sai Praneet Batchu Abbas Ali Shah Kwangmin Kim Willi Peters Jean-Francois Drillet An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte Materials zinc/air battery choline acetate Bi-functional spinel catalyst Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) – oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) activity |
| title | An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte |
| title_full | An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte |
| title_fullStr | An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte |
| title_short | An Electrically Rechargeable Zinc/Air Cell with an Aqueous Choline Acetate Electrolyte |
| title_sort | electrically rechargeable zinc air cell with an aqueous choline acetate electrolyte |
| topic | zinc/air battery choline acetate Bi-functional spinel catalyst Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) – oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/13/2975 |
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