| Summary: | Obesity poses a significant threat to various health conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart attack, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in maintaining the body’s energy balance. We identified a novel probiotic fungal strain, <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> JSA 18 <i>(K. lactis</i>), which was isolated from yak milk and was found to possess anti-obesity properties. Additionally, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> CGMCC 8198 (LP8198) from our previous study was also included to evaluate its anti-obesity properties. The findings indicated that <i>K. lactis</i> caused a notable reduction in weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administering <i>K. lactis</i> and LP8198 to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the supplements reduced ALT and AST activity, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, lipid metabolism was enhanced by the downregulation of ACC1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and Fasn. Moreover, this study found that <i>K. lactis</i> and LP8198 have little effect on gut bacteria. Additionally, <i>K. lactis</i> partially influenced intestinal fungi, while LP8198 had a minor influence on gut mycobiota. The main goal of this research was to show how effective <i>K. lactis</i> can be as a probiotic in combating obesity.
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