Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys
Dietary sugar reduction is one therapeutic strategy for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the underlying mechanisms for this effect warrant further investigation. Here, we employed metabolomics and metagenomics to examine systemic biological adaptations associated with dietary...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/401 |
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| author | Catherine C. Cohen Helaina Huneault Carolyn J. Accardi Dean P. Jones Ken Liu Kristal M. Maner-Smith Ming Song Jean A. Welsh Patricia A. Ugalde-Nicalo Jeffrey B. Schwimmer Miriam B. Vos |
| author_facet | Catherine C. Cohen Helaina Huneault Carolyn J. Accardi Dean P. Jones Ken Liu Kristal M. Maner-Smith Ming Song Jean A. Welsh Patricia A. Ugalde-Nicalo Jeffrey B. Schwimmer Miriam B. Vos |
| author_sort | Catherine C. Cohen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary sugar reduction is one therapeutic strategy for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the underlying mechanisms for this effect warrant further investigation. Here, we employed metabolomics and metagenomics to examine systemic biological adaptations associated with dietary sugar restriction and (subsequent) hepatic fat reductions in youth with NAFLD. Data/samples were from a randomized controlled trial in adolescent boys (11–16 years, mean ± SD: 13.0 ± 1.9 years) with biopsy-proven NAFLD who were either provided a low free-sugar diet (LFSD) (<i>n</i> = 20) or consumed their usual diet (<i>n</i> = 20) for 8 weeks. Plasma metabolomics was performed on samples from all 40 participants by coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and C<sub>18</sub> chromatography with mass spectrometry. In a sub-sample (<i>n</i> = 8 LFSD group and <i>n</i> = 10 usual diet group), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool to examine changes in microbial composition/diversity. The diet treatment was associated with differential expression of 419 HILIC and 205 C<sub>18</sub> metabolite features (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which were enriched in amino acid pathways, including methionine/cysteine and serine/glycine/alanine metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and lipid pathways, including omega-3 and linoleate metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Quantified metabolites that were differentially changed in the LFSD group, compared to usual diet group, and representative of these enriched metabolic pathways included increased serine (<i>p</i> = 0.001), glycine (<i>p</i> = 0.004), 2-aminobutyric acid (<i>p</i> = 0.012), and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and decreased linolenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Microbiome changes included an increase in richness at the phylum level and changes in a few genera within <i>Firmicutes</i>. In conclusion, the LFSD treatment, compared to usual diet, was associated with metabolome and microbiome changes that may reflect biological mechanisms linking dietary sugar restriction to a therapeutic decrease in hepatic fat. Studies are needed to validate our findings and test the utility of these “omics” changes as response biomarkers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:10:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-04f928e81e6c4573869625e4f0fd5ab4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:10:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-04f928e81e6c4573869625e4f0fd5ab42023-11-17T12:36:58ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-03-0113340110.3390/metabo13030401Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent BoysCatherine C. Cohen0Helaina Huneault1Carolyn J. Accardi2Dean P. Jones3Ken Liu4Kristal M. Maner-Smith5Ming Song6Jean A. Welsh7Patricia A. Ugalde-Nicalo8Jeffrey B. Schwimmer9Miriam B. Vos10Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USANutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAEmory Integrated Lipidomics Core, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USANutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USADepartment of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USANutrition & Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADietary sugar reduction is one therapeutic strategy for improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the underlying mechanisms for this effect warrant further investigation. Here, we employed metabolomics and metagenomics to examine systemic biological adaptations associated with dietary sugar restriction and (subsequent) hepatic fat reductions in youth with NAFLD. Data/samples were from a randomized controlled trial in adolescent boys (11–16 years, mean ± SD: 13.0 ± 1.9 years) with biopsy-proven NAFLD who were either provided a low free-sugar diet (LFSD) (<i>n</i> = 20) or consumed their usual diet (<i>n</i> = 20) for 8 weeks. Plasma metabolomics was performed on samples from all 40 participants by coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and C<sub>18</sub> chromatography with mass spectrometry. In a sub-sample (<i>n</i> = 8 LFSD group and <i>n</i> = 10 usual diet group), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool to examine changes in microbial composition/diversity. The diet treatment was associated with differential expression of 419 HILIC and 205 C<sub>18</sub> metabolite features (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which were enriched in amino acid pathways, including methionine/cysteine and serine/glycine/alanine metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and lipid pathways, including omega-3 and linoleate metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Quantified metabolites that were differentially changed in the LFSD group, compared to usual diet group, and representative of these enriched metabolic pathways included increased serine (<i>p</i> = 0.001), glycine (<i>p</i> = 0.004), 2-aminobutyric acid (<i>p</i> = 0.012), and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and decreased linolenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Microbiome changes included an increase in richness at the phylum level and changes in a few genera within <i>Firmicutes</i>. In conclusion, the LFSD treatment, compared to usual diet, was associated with metabolome and microbiome changes that may reflect biological mechanisms linking dietary sugar restriction to a therapeutic decrease in hepatic fat. Studies are needed to validate our findings and test the utility of these “omics” changes as response biomarkers.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/401sugarfatty liver diseaseobesitypediatricliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Catherine C. Cohen Helaina Huneault Carolyn J. Accardi Dean P. Jones Ken Liu Kristal M. Maner-Smith Ming Song Jean A. Welsh Patricia A. Ugalde-Nicalo Jeffrey B. Schwimmer Miriam B. Vos Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys Metabolites sugar fatty liver disease obesity pediatric liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title | Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys |
| title_full | Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys |
| title_fullStr | Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys |
| title_short | Metabolome × Microbiome Changes Associated with a Diet-Induced Reduction in Hepatic Fat among Adolescent Boys |
| title_sort | metabolome microbiome changes associated with a diet induced reduction in hepatic fat among adolescent boys |
| topic | sugar fatty liver disease obesity pediatric liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/401 |
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