Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Abstract Background As flatfish, turbot undergo metamorphosis as part of their life cycle. In the larval stage, turbot live at the ocean surface, but after metamorphosis they move to deeper water and turn to benthic life. Thus, the light environment differs greatly between life stages. The visual sy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01837-2 |
| _version_ | 1831774075487256576 |
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| author | Yunong Wang Li Zhou Lele Wu Changbin Song Xiaona Ma Shihong Xu Tengfei Du Xian Li Jun Li |
| author_facet | Yunong Wang Li Zhou Lele Wu Changbin Song Xiaona Ma Shihong Xu Tengfei Du Xian Li Jun Li |
| author_sort | Yunong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background As flatfish, turbot undergo metamorphosis as part of their life cycle. In the larval stage, turbot live at the ocean surface, but after metamorphosis they move to deeper water and turn to benthic life. Thus, the light environment differs greatly between life stages. The visual system plays a great role in organic evolution, but reports of the relationship between the visual system and benthic life are rare. In this study, we reported the molecular and evolutionary analysis of opsin genes in turbot, and the heterochronic shifts in opsin expression during development. Results Our gene synteny analysis showed that subtype RH2C was not on the same gene cluster as the other four green-sensitive opsin genes (RH2) in turbot. It was translocated to chromosome 8 from chromosome 6. Based on branch-site test and spectral tuning sites analyses, E122Q and M207L substitutions in RH2C, which were found to be under positive selection, are closely related to the blue shift of optimum light sensitivities. And real-time PCR results indicated the dominant opsin gene shifted from red-sensitive (LWS) to RH2B1 during turbot development, which may lead to spectral sensitivity shifts to shorter wavelengths. Conclusions This is the first report that RH2C may be an important subtype of green opsin gene that was retained by turbot and possibly other flatfish species during evolution. Moreover, E122Q and M207L substitutions in RH2C may contribute to the survival of turbot in the bluish colored ocean. And heterochronic shifts in opsin expression may be an important strategy for turbot to adapt to benthic life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:48:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-04fa9f38b815403da0802a5389cebd12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2730-7182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:48:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-04fa9f38b815403da0802a5389cebd122022-12-21T18:32:02ZengBMCBMC Ecology and Evolution2730-71822021-06-0121111210.1186/s12862-021-01837-2Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)Yunong Wang0Li Zhou1Lele Wu2Changbin Song3Xiaona Ma4Shihong Xu5Tengfei Du6Xian Li7Jun Li8College of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of ScienceCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Fisheries, Ocean University of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Background As flatfish, turbot undergo metamorphosis as part of their life cycle. In the larval stage, turbot live at the ocean surface, but after metamorphosis they move to deeper water and turn to benthic life. Thus, the light environment differs greatly between life stages. The visual system plays a great role in organic evolution, but reports of the relationship between the visual system and benthic life are rare. In this study, we reported the molecular and evolutionary analysis of opsin genes in turbot, and the heterochronic shifts in opsin expression during development. Results Our gene synteny analysis showed that subtype RH2C was not on the same gene cluster as the other four green-sensitive opsin genes (RH2) in turbot. It was translocated to chromosome 8 from chromosome 6. Based on branch-site test and spectral tuning sites analyses, E122Q and M207L substitutions in RH2C, which were found to be under positive selection, are closely related to the blue shift of optimum light sensitivities. And real-time PCR results indicated the dominant opsin gene shifted from red-sensitive (LWS) to RH2B1 during turbot development, which may lead to spectral sensitivity shifts to shorter wavelengths. Conclusions This is the first report that RH2C may be an important subtype of green opsin gene that was retained by turbot and possibly other flatfish species during evolution. Moreover, E122Q and M207L substitutions in RH2C may contribute to the survival of turbot in the bluish colored ocean. And heterochronic shifts in opsin expression may be an important strategy for turbot to adapt to benthic life.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01837-2TurbotBenthic lifeAdaptionOpsinHeterochronic shift |
| spellingShingle | Yunong Wang Li Zhou Lele Wu Changbin Song Xiaona Ma Shihong Xu Tengfei Du Xian Li Jun Li Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) BMC Ecology and Evolution Turbot Benthic life Adaption Opsin Heterochronic shift |
| title | Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| title_full | Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| title_short | Evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) |
| title_sort | evolutionary ecology of the visual opsin gene sequence and its expression in turbot scophthalmus maximus |
| topic | Turbot Benthic life Adaption Opsin Heterochronic shift |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01837-2 |
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