New electrical impedance methods for the in situ measurement of the complex permittivity of anisotropic skeletal muscle using multipolar needles
Abstract This paper provides a rigorous analysis on the measurement of the permittivity of two-dimensional anisotropic biological tissues such as skeletal muscle using the four-electrode impedance technique. The state-of-the-art technique requires individual electrodes placed at the same depth in co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2019-02-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39277-0 |