Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options
Uterine diseases stand as the primary cause of infertility in mares; however, the diagnostic process often relies on obtaining endometrial biopsies and their hematoxylin–eosin staining. This review seeks to present the variability of uterine changes and their impact on fertility and underscore the u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/156 |
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| author | Łukasz Zdrojkowski Bartosz Pawliński Katarzyna Skierbiszewska Tomasz Jasiński Małgorzata Domino |
| author_facet | Łukasz Zdrojkowski Bartosz Pawliński Katarzyna Skierbiszewska Tomasz Jasiński Małgorzata Domino |
| author_sort | Łukasz Zdrojkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Uterine diseases stand as the primary cause of infertility in mares; however, the diagnostic process often relies on obtaining endometrial biopsies and their hematoxylin–eosin staining. This review seeks to present the variability of uterine changes and their impact on fertility and underscore the utility of special stains, such as Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, elastica van Gieson, or periodic acid–Schiff, in enhancing diagnostic breadth. Connective tissue evaluation in the cervix is discussed, as it is subjected to cyclic changes and the impact on overall fertility. Vascular changes, particularly prevalent in multiparous mares, play a crucial role in adapting to physiological and pathological alterations, affecting early gestation and impeding placental development. Given that uterine vascular pathologies often involve fibrotic changes, connective tissue stains emerge as a valuable tool in this context. Moreover, equine endometriosis, predominantly associated with endometrial fibrosis, further highlights the relevance of special stains, suggesting their underutilization in the diagnostic process. Recognizing the subjective nature of diagnosing uterine pathologies and the need for additional diagnostic tools, we advocate for using dedicated stains in the histopathological evaluation of uterine samples. In conclusion, we encourage scientists and diagnosticians to embrace additional tools that enhance pathology visualization, enabling more reliable diagnoses concerning expected fertility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05193b6f4f794d7097c00131a131006a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-05193b6f4f794d7097c00131a131006a2024-01-10T14:50:30ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114115610.3390/ani14010156Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining OptionsŁukasz Zdrojkowski0Bartosz Pawliński1Katarzyna Skierbiszewska2Tomasz Jasiński3Małgorzata Domino4Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandUterine diseases stand as the primary cause of infertility in mares; however, the diagnostic process often relies on obtaining endometrial biopsies and their hematoxylin–eosin staining. This review seeks to present the variability of uterine changes and their impact on fertility and underscore the utility of special stains, such as Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, elastica van Gieson, or periodic acid–Schiff, in enhancing diagnostic breadth. Connective tissue evaluation in the cervix is discussed, as it is subjected to cyclic changes and the impact on overall fertility. Vascular changes, particularly prevalent in multiparous mares, play a crucial role in adapting to physiological and pathological alterations, affecting early gestation and impeding placental development. Given that uterine vascular pathologies often involve fibrotic changes, connective tissue stains emerge as a valuable tool in this context. Moreover, equine endometriosis, predominantly associated with endometrial fibrosis, further highlights the relevance of special stains, suggesting their underutilization in the diagnostic process. Recognizing the subjective nature of diagnosing uterine pathologies and the need for additional diagnostic tools, we advocate for using dedicated stains in the histopathological evaluation of uterine samples. In conclusion, we encourage scientists and diagnosticians to embrace additional tools that enhance pathology visualization, enabling more reliable diagnoses concerning expected fertility.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/156fibrosisangiosisendometrosisconnective tissuecervixinfertility |
| spellingShingle | Łukasz Zdrojkowski Bartosz Pawliński Katarzyna Skierbiszewska Tomasz Jasiński Małgorzata Domino Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options Animals fibrosis angiosis endometrosis connective tissue cervix infertility |
| title | Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options |
| title_full | Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options |
| title_short | Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options |
| title_sort | assessment of connective tissue in the equine uterus and cervix review of clinical impact and staining options |
| topic | fibrosis angiosis endometrosis connective tissue cervix infertility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/1/156 |
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