Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts
Cervical pain and injuries are a major health problem globally. Existing neck injury criteria are based on experimental studies that included sled tests performed with volunteers, post-mortem human surrogates and animals. However, none of these studies have addressed the differences between young ad...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.682974/full |
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| author | Carmen M. Vives-Torres Manuel Valdano Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio Julia Muehlbauer Sylvia Schick Steffen Peldschus Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes |
| author_facet | Carmen M. Vives-Torres Manuel Valdano Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio Julia Muehlbauer Sylvia Schick Steffen Peldschus Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes |
| author_sort | Carmen M. Vives-Torres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cervical pain and injuries are a major health problem globally. Existing neck injury criteria are based on experimental studies that included sled tests performed with volunteers, post-mortem human surrogates and animals. However, none of these studies have addressed the differences between young adults and elderly volunteers to date. Thus, this work analyzed the estimated axial and shear forces, and the bending moment at the craniocervical junction of nine young volunteers (18–30 years old) and four elderly volunteers (>65 years old) in a low-speed frontal deceleration. Since the calculation of these loads required the use of the mass and moment of inertia of the volunteers' heads, this study proposed new methods to estimate the inertial properties of the head of the volunteers based on external measurements that reduced the error of previously published methods. The estimated mean peak axial force (Fz) was −164.38 ± 35.04 N in the young group and −170.62 ± 49.82 N in the elderly group. The average maximum shear force (Fx) was −224.42 ± 54.39 N and −232.41 ± 19.23 N in the young and elderly group, respectively. Last, the estimated peak bending moment (My) was 13.63 ± 1.09 Nm in the young group and 14.81 ± 1.36 Nm in the elderly group. The neck loads experienced by the elderly group were within the highest values in the present study. Nevertheless, for the group of volunteers included in this study, no substantial differences with age were observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:04:07Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:04:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-051be63067bf43418a5dd66c258f77ec2022-12-21T18:51:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852021-06-01910.3389/fbioe.2021.682974682974Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal ImpactsCarmen M. Vives-Torres0Manuel Valdano1Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio2Julia Muehlbauer3Sylvia Schick4Steffen Peldschus5Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes6Instituto de Investigacion Tecnologica, ICAI, Engineering School, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Tecnologica, ICAI, Engineering School, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Tecnologica, ICAI, Engineering School, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, SpainBiomechanics and Accident Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, GermanyBiomechanics and Accident Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, GermanyBiomechanics and Accident Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, GermanyInstituto de Investigacion Tecnologica, ICAI, Engineering School, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, SpainCervical pain and injuries are a major health problem globally. Existing neck injury criteria are based on experimental studies that included sled tests performed with volunteers, post-mortem human surrogates and animals. However, none of these studies have addressed the differences between young adults and elderly volunteers to date. Thus, this work analyzed the estimated axial and shear forces, and the bending moment at the craniocervical junction of nine young volunteers (18–30 years old) and four elderly volunteers (>65 years old) in a low-speed frontal deceleration. Since the calculation of these loads required the use of the mass and moment of inertia of the volunteers' heads, this study proposed new methods to estimate the inertial properties of the head of the volunteers based on external measurements that reduced the error of previously published methods. The estimated mean peak axial force (Fz) was −164.38 ± 35.04 N in the young group and −170.62 ± 49.82 N in the elderly group. The average maximum shear force (Fx) was −224.42 ± 54.39 N and −232.41 ± 19.23 N in the young and elderly group, respectively. Last, the estimated peak bending moment (My) was 13.63 ± 1.09 Nm in the young group and 14.81 ± 1.36 Nm in the elderly group. The neck loads experienced by the elderly group were within the highest values in the present study. Nevertheless, for the group of volunteers included in this study, no substantial differences with age were observed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.682974/fullfrontal impacthead inertial propertiesinverse dynamicsvolunteer testingoccipital condyle loads |
| spellingShingle | Carmen M. Vives-Torres Manuel Valdano Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio Julia Muehlbauer Sylvia Schick Steffen Peldschus Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontal impact head inertial properties inverse dynamics volunteer testing occipital condyle loads |
| title | Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts |
| title_full | Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts |
| title_short | Comparison of Upper Neck Loading in Young Adult and Elderly Volunteers During Low Speed Frontal Impacts |
| title_sort | comparison of upper neck loading in young adult and elderly volunteers during low speed frontal impacts |
| topic | frontal impact head inertial properties inverse dynamics volunteer testing occipital condyle loads |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2021.682974/full |
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