Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications
Heinz C Schröder,1 Meik Neufurth,1 Huan Zhou,2 Shunfeng Wang,1 Xiaohong Wang,1 Werner E G Müller1 1ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; 2School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Enginee...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/inorganic-polyphosphate-coacervate-formation-and-functional-significan-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN |
| _version_ | 1797962987211849728 |
|---|---|
| author | Schröder HC Neufurth M Zhou H Wang S Wang X Müller WEG |
| author_facet | Schröder HC Neufurth M Zhou H Wang S Wang X Müller WEG |
| author_sort | Schröder HC |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heinz C Schröder,1 Meik Neufurth,1 Huan Zhou,2 Shunfeng Wang,1 Xiaohong Wang,1 Werner E G Müller1 1ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; 2School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Heibei University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Heinz C Schröder; Werner E G Müller, ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz, 55128, Germany, Tel +49 6131 392 5791 ; +49 6131 392 5910, Email hschroed@uni-mainz.de; wmueller@uni-mainz.deAbstract: Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are long-chain polymers of orthophosphate residues, which, depending on the external conditions, can be present both physiologically and synthetically in either soluble, nanoparticulate or coacervate form. In recent years, these polymers have received increasing attention due to their unprecedented ability to exhibit both morphogenetic and metabolic energy delivering properties. There are no other physiological molecules that contain as many metabolically utilizable, high-energy bonds as polyP, making these polymers of particular medical interest as components of advanced hydrogel scaffold materials for potential applications in ATP-dependent tissue regeneration and repair. However, these polymers show physiological activity only in soluble form and in the coacervate phase, but not as stable metal-polyP nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of formation of polyP coacervates and nanoparticles as well as their transformations is important for the design of novel materials for tissue implants, wound healing, and drug delivery and is discussed here.Keywords: polyphosphate nanoparticles, phase separation, biomaterial, metabolic energy, morphogenetic activity, tissue regeneration |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:21:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0528ed18106d4b8b92c3349ee5300236 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:21:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0528ed18106d4b8b92c3349ee53002362023-01-03T11:14:57ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132022-11-01Volume 175825585080011Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical ApplicationsSchröder HCNeufurth MZhou HWang SWang XMüller WEGHeinz C Schröder,1 Meik Neufurth,1 Huan Zhou,2 Shunfeng Wang,1 Xiaohong Wang,1 Werner E G Müller1 1ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; 2School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Heibei University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Heinz C Schröder; Werner E G Müller, ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz, 55128, Germany, Tel +49 6131 392 5791 ; +49 6131 392 5910, Email hschroed@uni-mainz.de; wmueller@uni-mainz.deAbstract: Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are long-chain polymers of orthophosphate residues, which, depending on the external conditions, can be present both physiologically and synthetically in either soluble, nanoparticulate or coacervate form. In recent years, these polymers have received increasing attention due to their unprecedented ability to exhibit both morphogenetic and metabolic energy delivering properties. There are no other physiological molecules that contain as many metabolically utilizable, high-energy bonds as polyP, making these polymers of particular medical interest as components of advanced hydrogel scaffold materials for potential applications in ATP-dependent tissue regeneration and repair. However, these polymers show physiological activity only in soluble form and in the coacervate phase, but not as stable metal-polyP nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of formation of polyP coacervates and nanoparticles as well as their transformations is important for the design of novel materials for tissue implants, wound healing, and drug delivery and is discussed here.Keywords: polyphosphate nanoparticles, phase separation, biomaterial, metabolic energy, morphogenetic activity, tissue regenerationhttps://www.dovepress.com/inorganic-polyphosphate-coacervate-formation-and-functional-significan-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNpolyphosphate nanoparticlesphase separationbiomaterialmetabolic energymorphogenetic activitytissue regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Schröder HC Neufurth M Zhou H Wang S Wang X Müller WEG Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications International Journal of Nanomedicine polyphosphate nanoparticles phase separation biomaterial metabolic energy morphogenetic activity tissue regeneration |
| title | Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications |
| title_full | Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications |
| title_fullStr | Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications |
| title_short | Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications |
| title_sort | inorganic polyphosphate coacervate formation and functional significance in nanomedical applications |
| topic | polyphosphate nanoparticles phase separation biomaterial metabolic energy morphogenetic activity tissue regeneration |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/inorganic-polyphosphate-coacervate-formation-and-functional-significan-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schroderhc inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications AT neufurthm inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications AT zhouh inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications AT wangs inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications AT wangx inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications AT mullerweg inorganicpolyphosphatecoacervateformationandfunctionalsignificanceinnanomedicalapplications |