Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome
Abstract Menopausal syndrome includes the symptoms that most women experience owing to hormone changes after menopause. Although hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment for menopausal syndrome, there are still many side effects and challenges hindering research. In this study, thioglycolic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering & Translational Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10267 |
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| author | I‐Hsuan Yang I‐En Lin Ya‐Jyun Liang Jhih‐Ni Lin Tzu‐Chien Chen Zhi‐Yu Chen Che‐Yung Kuan Chih‐Ying Chi Chi‐Han Li Hung‐Ming Wu Feng‐Huei Lin |
| author_facet | I‐Hsuan Yang I‐En Lin Ya‐Jyun Liang Jhih‐Ni Lin Tzu‐Chien Chen Zhi‐Yu Chen Che‐Yung Kuan Chih‐Ying Chi Chi‐Han Li Hung‐Ming Wu Feng‐Huei Lin |
| author_sort | I‐Hsuan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Menopausal syndrome includes the symptoms that most women experience owing to hormone changes after menopause. Although hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment for menopausal syndrome, there are still many side effects and challenges hindering research. In this study, thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel was synthesized by a new method of low concentration of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) would encapsulate di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as an alternative hormone replacement therapy for menopausal syndrome. The efficacies of the DEHP‐containing TGA‐chitosan gel (CT‐D) were confirmed and evaluated by materials characterization and in vitro study. Results showed that CT‐D was not cytotoxic and had better mucoadhesive ability than chitosan. The animal model was constructed 1 month after bilateral ovariectomy in SD rats. CT‐D was administered intravaginally every 3 days. Bodyweight, wet weight of the uterus and vagina, vaginal smears, histology, blood element analysis, and serological analysis was used to assess the ability of the material to relieve menopausal syndrome. The results indicated that the combination of the sustained release of DEHP and mucoadhesive TGA‐immobilized chitosan allows the developed CT‐D to relieve the menopausal syndrome through low concentrations of DEHP, which falls in the safety level of the tolerable daily intake of DEHP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0530ca77ced64649b4b5a859128178e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2380-6761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering & Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0530ca77ced64649b4b5a859128178e92022-12-22T03:25:46ZengWileyBioengineering & Translational Medicine2380-67612022-05-0172n/an/a10.1002/btm2.10267Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndromeI‐Hsuan Yang0I‐En Lin1Ya‐Jyun Liang2Jhih‐Ni Lin3Tzu‐Chien Chen4Zhi‐Yu Chen5Che‐Yung Kuan6Chih‐Ying Chi7Chi‐Han Li8Hung‐Ming Wu9Feng‐Huei Lin10Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County TaiwanInstitute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli County TaiwanDepartment of Neurology Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei TaiwanAbstract Menopausal syndrome includes the symptoms that most women experience owing to hormone changes after menopause. Although hormone replacement therapy is a common treatment for menopausal syndrome, there are still many side effects and challenges hindering research. In this study, thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel was synthesized by a new method of low concentration of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) would encapsulate di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as an alternative hormone replacement therapy for menopausal syndrome. The efficacies of the DEHP‐containing TGA‐chitosan gel (CT‐D) were confirmed and evaluated by materials characterization and in vitro study. Results showed that CT‐D was not cytotoxic and had better mucoadhesive ability than chitosan. The animal model was constructed 1 month after bilateral ovariectomy in SD rats. CT‐D was administered intravaginally every 3 days. Bodyweight, wet weight of the uterus and vagina, vaginal smears, histology, blood element analysis, and serological analysis was used to assess the ability of the material to relieve menopausal syndrome. The results indicated that the combination of the sustained release of DEHP and mucoadhesive TGA‐immobilized chitosan allows the developed CT‐D to relieve the menopausal syndrome through low concentrations of DEHP, which falls in the safety level of the tolerable daily intake of DEHP.https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10267di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalatemenopausal syndromemucoadhesive gelthioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan |
| spellingShingle | I‐Hsuan Yang I‐En Lin Ya‐Jyun Liang Jhih‐Ni Lin Tzu‐Chien Chen Zhi‐Yu Chen Che‐Yung Kuan Chih‐Ying Chi Chi‐Han Li Hung‐Ming Wu Feng‐Huei Lin Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome Bioengineering & Translational Medicine di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate menopausal syndrome mucoadhesive gel thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan |
| title | Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| title_full | Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| title_short | Development of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate‐containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| title_sort | development of di 2 ethylhexyl phthalate containing thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan mucoadhesive gel as an alternative hormone therapy for menopausal syndrome |
| topic | di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate menopausal syndrome mucoadhesive gel thioglycolic acid immobilized chitosan |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10267 |
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