Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV)
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widely distributed pathogen causing congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. So far, no data are available regarding the humoral immune response against APPV. In this study, piglets and their sows from an affected herd were tested longitudinally for viral genome and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/880 |
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| author | Gökce Nur Cagatay Denise Meyer Michael Wendt Paul Becher Alexander Postel |
| author_facet | Gökce Nur Cagatay Denise Meyer Michael Wendt Paul Becher Alexander Postel |
| author_sort | Gökce Nur Cagatay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widely distributed pathogen causing congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. So far, no data are available regarding the humoral immune response against APPV. In this study, piglets and their sows from an affected herd were tested longitudinally for viral genome and antibodies. APPV genome was detected in the majority of the piglets (14/15) from CT affected litters. Transient infection of gilts was observed. Kinetics of E<sup>rns</sup>- and E2-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity were determined by recently (E<sup>rns</sup>) and newly (E2) developed antibody ELISAs and virus neutralization assays. Putative maternally derived antibodies (MDA) were detected in most piglets, but displayed only low to moderate neutralizing capacity (ND<sub>50</sub> ≤ 112). Horizontal APPV transmission occurred when uninfected and infected piglets were mingled on the flat deck. Horizontally infected piglets were clinically inapparent and showed only transient viremia with subsequently consistently high E2 antibody levels. For piglets from CT affected litters, significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers were observed. Results indicate that E2 represents the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Characterization of the humoral immune response against APPV will help to provide valuable serological diagnosis, to understand the epidemiology of this novel pathogen, and to implement tailored prevention strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T15:26:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-054b655885d34444806eab9ef1aea263 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T15:26:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-054b655885d34444806eab9ef1aea2632022-12-21T18:21:29ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-09-01111088010.3390/v11100880v11100880Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV)Gökce Nur Cagatay0Denise Meyer1Michael Wendt2Paul Becher3Alexander Postel4Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, GermanyClinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, GermanyAtypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a widely distributed pathogen causing congenital tremor (CT) in piglets. So far, no data are available regarding the humoral immune response against APPV. In this study, piglets and their sows from an affected herd were tested longitudinally for viral genome and antibodies. APPV genome was detected in the majority of the piglets (14/15) from CT affected litters. Transient infection of gilts was observed. Kinetics of E<sup>rns</sup>- and E2-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity were determined by recently (E<sup>rns</sup>) and newly (E2) developed antibody ELISAs and virus neutralization assays. Putative maternally derived antibodies (MDA) were detected in most piglets, but displayed only low to moderate neutralizing capacity (ND<sub>50</sub> ≤ 112). Horizontal APPV transmission occurred when uninfected and infected piglets were mingled on the flat deck. Horizontally infected piglets were clinically inapparent and showed only transient viremia with subsequently consistently high E2 antibody levels. For piglets from CT affected litters, significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers were observed. Results indicate that E2 represents the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Characterization of the humoral immune response against APPV will help to provide valuable serological diagnosis, to understand the epidemiology of this novel pathogen, and to implement tailored prevention strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/880pestivirusAPPVhumoral immune responseELISAvirus neutralization test |
| spellingShingle | Gökce Nur Cagatay Denise Meyer Michael Wendt Paul Becher Alexander Postel Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) Viruses pestivirus APPV humoral immune response ELISA virus neutralization test |
| title | Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) |
| title_full | Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) |
| title_short | Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response Induced after Infection with Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) |
| title_sort | characterization of the humoral immune response induced after infection with atypical porcine pestivirus appv |
| topic | pestivirus APPV humoral immune response ELISA virus neutralization test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/10/880 |
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