Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young
While invasive assessment of hemodynamics and testing of acute vasoreactivity in the catheterization laboratory is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in children, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as the initial diagnostic tool...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/49 |
| _version_ | 1797542857405366272 |
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| author | Katharina Meinel Martin Koestenberger Hannes Sallmon Georg Hansmann Guido E. Pieles |
| author_facet | Katharina Meinel Martin Koestenberger Hannes Sallmon Georg Hansmann Guido E. Pieles |
| author_sort | Katharina Meinel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While invasive assessment of hemodynamics and testing of acute vasoreactivity in the catheterization laboratory is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in children, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as the initial diagnostic tool. International guidelines suggest several key echocardiographic variables and indices for the screening studies when PH is suspected. However, due to the complex anatomy and special physiological considerations, these may not apply to patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Misinterpretation of TTE variables can lead to delayed diagnosis and therapy, with fatal consequences, or–on the other hand-unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures that have relevant risks, especially in the pediatric age group. We herein provide an overview of the echocardiographic workup of children and adolescents with PH with a special focus on children with CHD, such as ventricular/atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot or univentricular physiology. In addition, we address the use of echocardiography as a tool to assess eligibility for exercise and sports, a major determinant of quality of life and outcome in patients with PH associated with CHD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:36:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05551d853ed54aa1b7e252e860518359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:36:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-05551d853ed54aa1b7e252e8605183592023-11-21T07:26:30ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-12-011114910.3390/diagnostics11010049Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the YoungKatharina Meinel0Martin Koestenberger1Hannes Sallmon2Georg Hansmann3Guido E. Pieles4Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaEuropean Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, 13125 Berlin, GermanyEuropean Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, 13125 Berlin, GermanyEuropean Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network, 13125 Berlin, GermanyWhile invasive assessment of hemodynamics and testing of acute vasoreactivity in the catheterization laboratory is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in children, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as the initial diagnostic tool. International guidelines suggest several key echocardiographic variables and indices for the screening studies when PH is suspected. However, due to the complex anatomy and special physiological considerations, these may not apply to patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Misinterpretation of TTE variables can lead to delayed diagnosis and therapy, with fatal consequences, or–on the other hand-unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures that have relevant risks, especially in the pediatric age group. We herein provide an overview of the echocardiographic workup of children and adolescents with PH with a special focus on children with CHD, such as ventricular/atrial septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot or univentricular physiology. In addition, we address the use of echocardiography as a tool to assess eligibility for exercise and sports, a major determinant of quality of life and outcome in patients with PH associated with CHD.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/49pulmonary hypertensionpulmonary arterial hypertensioncongenital heart diseaseechocardiographyexercise assessment |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Meinel Martin Koestenberger Hannes Sallmon Georg Hansmann Guido E. Pieles Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young Diagnostics pulmonary hypertension pulmonary arterial hypertension congenital heart disease echocardiography exercise assessment |
| title | Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young |
| title_full | Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young |
| title_fullStr | Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young |
| title_full_unstemmed | Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young |
| title_short | Echocardiography for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease in the Young |
| title_sort | echocardiography for the assessment of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease in the young |
| topic | pulmonary hypertension pulmonary arterial hypertension congenital heart disease echocardiography exercise assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/49 |
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