Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development
Ticks can seriously affect human and animal health around the globe, causing significant economic losses each year. Chemical acaricides are widely used to control ticks, which negatively impact the environment and result in the emergence of acaricide-resistant tick populations. A vaccine is consider...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4969 |
| _version_ | 1797615064300126208 |
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| author | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Mohamed Amine Jmel Imen Mekki Ingrid Dijkgraaf Michail Kotsyfakis |
| author_facet | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Mohamed Amine Jmel Imen Mekki Ingrid Dijkgraaf Michail Kotsyfakis |
| author_sort | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ticks can seriously affect human and animal health around the globe, causing significant economic losses each year. Chemical acaricides are widely used to control ticks, which negatively impact the environment and result in the emergence of acaricide-resistant tick populations. A vaccine is considered as one of the best alternative approaches to control ticks and tick-borne diseases, as it is less expensive and more effective than chemical controls. Many antigen-based vaccines have been developed as a result of current advances in transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomic techniques. A few of these (e.g., Gavac<sup>®</sup> and TickGARD<sup>®</sup>) are commercially available and are commonly used in different countries. Furthermore, a significant number of novel antigens are being investigated with the perspective of developing new anti-tick vaccines. However, more research is required to develop new and more efficient antigen-based vaccines, including on assessing the efficiency of various epitopes against different tick species to confirm their cross-reactivity and their high immunogenicity. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in the development of antigen-based vaccines (traditional and RNA-based) and provide a brief overview of recent discoveries of novel antigens, along with their sources, characteristics, and the methods used to test their efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-055c52a91efd4eb2a77d9fb88332ff81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-055c52a91efd4eb2a77d9fb88332ff812023-11-17T07:55:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01245496910.3390/ijms24054969Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine DevelopmentMuhammad Nadeem Abbas0Mohamed Amine Jmel1Imen Mekki2Ingrid Dijkgraaf3Michail Kotsyfakis4State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaLaboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicTicks can seriously affect human and animal health around the globe, causing significant economic losses each year. Chemical acaricides are widely used to control ticks, which negatively impact the environment and result in the emergence of acaricide-resistant tick populations. A vaccine is considered as one of the best alternative approaches to control ticks and tick-borne diseases, as it is less expensive and more effective than chemical controls. Many antigen-based vaccines have been developed as a result of current advances in transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomic techniques. A few of these (e.g., Gavac<sup>®</sup> and TickGARD<sup>®</sup>) are commercially available and are commonly used in different countries. Furthermore, a significant number of novel antigens are being investigated with the perspective of developing new anti-tick vaccines. However, more research is required to develop new and more efficient antigen-based vaccines, including on assessing the efficiency of various epitopes against different tick species to confirm their cross-reactivity and their high immunogenicity. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in the development of antigen-based vaccines (traditional and RNA-based) and provide a brief overview of recent discoveries of novel antigens, along with their sources, characteristics, and the methods used to test their efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4969vaccinomicsantigen candidatesanti-tick vaccinetick control |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Mohamed Amine Jmel Imen Mekki Ingrid Dijkgraaf Michail Kotsyfakis Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development International Journal of Molecular Sciences vaccinomics antigen candidates anti-tick vaccine tick control |
| title | Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Tick Antigen Discovery and Anti-Tick Vaccine Development |
| title_sort | recent advances in tick antigen discovery and anti tick vaccine development |
| topic | vaccinomics antigen candidates anti-tick vaccine tick control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4969 |
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