Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method
Background: Because of its stimulating and valuable effects, tea is the most commonly used beverage in the world after water. These effects are due to caffeine and phenolic compounds in tea. Also, most of the tea in Iran is planted in Gilan Province. However, food pollution from heavy metals is one...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html |
| _version_ | 1818548902498926592 |
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| author | Mohammad Shokrzadeh Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh Mansoureh Boustani Emran Habibi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Shokrzadeh Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh Mansoureh Boustani Emran Habibi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Shokrzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Because of its stimulating and valuable effects, tea is the most commonly used beverage in the world after water. These effects are due to caffeine and phenolic compounds in tea. Also, most of the tea in Iran is planted in Gilan Province. However, food pollution from heavy metals is one of the most important problems.
Objectives: In this research, we measured the total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green and black tea cultivated in Gilan Province.
Methods: Ten samples of green and black tea were purchased from different regions of Gilan Province. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared. Total phenol and caffeine were detected by spectroscopy. Quantification of heavy metals was done by digestion methods and examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results: The Mesn±SD amounts of total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green tea from all regions comprised 27.13±1.54%, 3.20±0.01%, 0.81±0.66 ppm, 1.54±1.39 ppm, and 0.28±0.20 ppm, respectively, and these amounts in black tea were 14.90±1.53%, 3.20±0.05%, 1.00±0.79 ppm, 1.65±0.93 ppm, and 0.24±0.15 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: The content of total phenol and lead in tea was different in various regions of Gilan Province. Green tea contains more phenolic compounds than black tea, but the caffeine in green and black tea is almost equal. The amounts of cadmium and chromium in some Gilan Province areas are higher than the standard level, which needs to be investigated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:26:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0564f34bc5c74c98be85d95373353c17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-4494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:26:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-0564f34bc5c74c98be85d95373353c172022-12-22T00:31:14ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutical and Biomedical Research2423-44942022-12-01812330Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic methodMohammad Shokrzadeh0Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh1Mansoureh Boustani2Emran Habibi3 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Medicinal Plants Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Background: Because of its stimulating and valuable effects, tea is the most commonly used beverage in the world after water. These effects are due to caffeine and phenolic compounds in tea. Also, most of the tea in Iran is planted in Gilan Province. However, food pollution from heavy metals is one of the most important problems. Objectives: In this research, we measured the total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green and black tea cultivated in Gilan Province. Methods: Ten samples of green and black tea were purchased from different regions of Gilan Province. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared. Total phenol and caffeine were detected by spectroscopy. Quantification of heavy metals was done by digestion methods and examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The Mesn±SD amounts of total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green tea from all regions comprised 27.13±1.54%, 3.20±0.01%, 0.81±0.66 ppm, 1.54±1.39 ppm, and 0.28±0.20 ppm, respectively, and these amounts in black tea were 14.90±1.53%, 3.20±0.05%, 1.00±0.79 ppm, 1.65±0.93 ppm, and 0.24±0.15 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The content of total phenol and lead in tea was different in various regions of Gilan Province. Green tea contains more phenolic compounds than black tea, but the caffeine in green and black tea is almost equal. The amounts of cadmium and chromium in some Gilan Province areas are higher than the standard level, which needs to be investigated.http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.htmlcaffeinephenolleadcadmiumchromiumcamellia sinensis |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Shokrzadeh Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh Mansoureh Boustani Emran Habibi Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research caffeine phenol lead cadmium chromium camellia sinensis |
| title | Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method |
| title_full | Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method |
| title_short | Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method |
| title_sort | determination of caffeine total phenol and heavy metals content in green and black tea collected from gilan province iran by spectroscopic method |
| topic | caffeine phenol lead cadmium chromium camellia sinensis |
| url | http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html |
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