Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications
This work presents a characterization of a low-cost, low-latency Visible Light Communication (VLC) prototype for infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The system consists of a regular traffic light as a transmitter (the red light is modula...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/9/3/35 |
| _version_ | 1797561622902865920 |
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| author | Tassadaq Nawaz Marco Seminara Stefano Caputo Lorenzo Mucchi Jacopo Catani |
| author_facet | Tassadaq Nawaz Marco Seminara Stefano Caputo Lorenzo Mucchi Jacopo Catani |
| author_sort | Tassadaq Nawaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a characterization of a low-cost, low-latency Visible Light Communication (VLC) prototype for infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The system consists of a regular traffic light as a transmitter (the red light is modulated with the information), and a photodetector as a receiver. The latter is equipped with low-cost Fresnel lenses as condensers, namely, 1<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel and 2<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel, to increase the optical gain of the system at the receiver. The system is capable of Active Decode and Relay (ADR) of information to further incoming units. The experimental characterization of amplitude and Packet Error Rate (PER) for the proposed system has been performed for distances up to 50 m. The results show that by incorporating the 2<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel lens in the photodetector, an error free (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>PER</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) I2V communication is established up to 50 m. Furthermore, the prototype can be used for both broadcast and beaconing transmission modes. This low-cost VLC-based system could offer sub-millisecond latency in the full ADR process for distances up to 36 m, which makes it suitable for integration in Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) and 5G platforms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:17:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05a19dffbbbe41e482de78fbe26ac8c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2224-2708 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:17:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
| spelling | doaj.art-05a19dffbbbe41e482de78fbe26ac8c62023-11-20T07:35:08ZengMDPI AGJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks2224-27082020-07-01933510.3390/jsan9030035Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS ApplicationsTassadaq Nawaz0Marco Seminara1Stefano Caputo2Lorenzo Mucchi3Jacopo Catani4Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyEuropean Laboratory for NonLinear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyDept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyDept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, ItalyNational Institute of Optics-CNR (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, ItalyThis work presents a characterization of a low-cost, low-latency Visible Light Communication (VLC) prototype for infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The system consists of a regular traffic light as a transmitter (the red light is modulated with the information), and a photodetector as a receiver. The latter is equipped with low-cost Fresnel lenses as condensers, namely, 1<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel and 2<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel, to increase the optical gain of the system at the receiver. The system is capable of Active Decode and Relay (ADR) of information to further incoming units. The experimental characterization of amplitude and Packet Error Rate (PER) for the proposed system has been performed for distances up to 50 m. The results show that by incorporating the 2<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula><inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> Fresnel lens in the photodetector, an error free (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>PER</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) I2V communication is established up to 50 m. Furthermore, the prototype can be used for both broadcast and beaconing transmission modes. This low-cost VLC-based system could offer sub-millisecond latency in the full ADR process for distances up to 36 m, which makes it suitable for integration in Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) and 5G platforms.https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/9/3/35infrastructure-to-vehiclevehicle-to-vehicleIntelligent Transportation SystemsVisible Light CommunicationFresnel lenses |
| spellingShingle | Tassadaq Nawaz Marco Seminara Stefano Caputo Lorenzo Mucchi Jacopo Catani Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks infrastructure-to-vehicle vehicle-to-vehicle Intelligent Transportation Systems Visible Light Communication Fresnel lenses |
| title | Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications |
| title_full | Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications |
| title_fullStr | Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications |
| title_short | Low-Latency VLC System with Fresnel Receiver for I2V ITS Applications |
| title_sort | low latency vlc system with fresnel receiver for i2v its applications |
| topic | infrastructure-to-vehicle vehicle-to-vehicle Intelligent Transportation Systems Visible Light Communication Fresnel lenses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/9/3/35 |
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