MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of new molecular and genetic findings has been reported regarding factors contributing to GBM’s development into a lethal p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13550 |
| _version_ | 1797503684868833280 |
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| author | Isra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati Ishwar Parhar |
| author_facet | Isra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati Ishwar Parhar |
| author_sort | Isra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of new molecular and genetic findings has been reported regarding factors contributing to GBM’s development into a lethal phenotype and its overall poor prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. Many research findings have highlighted the importance of miRNAs in facilitating and controlling normal biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, miRNAs’ ability to initiate and promote cancer development, directly or indirectly, has been shown in many types of cancer. There is a clear association between alteration in miRNAs expression in GBM’s ability to escape apoptosis, proliferation, and resistance to treatment. Further, miRNAs regulate the already altered pathways in GBM, including P53, RB, and PI3K-AKT pathways. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05a6c666824e47d98d054bf49e47cf89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-05a6c666824e47d98d054bf49e47cf892023-11-23T08:47:59ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241355010.3390/ijms222413550MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in GlioblastomaIsra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati0Ishwar Parhar1Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway [BRIMS], Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, MalaysiaBrain Research Institute Monash Sunway [BRIMS], Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, MalaysiaGlioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of new molecular and genetic findings has been reported regarding factors contributing to GBM’s development into a lethal phenotype and its overall poor prognosis. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. Many research findings have highlighted the importance of miRNAs in facilitating and controlling normal biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, miRNAs’ ability to initiate and promote cancer development, directly or indirectly, has been shown in many types of cancer. There is a clear association between alteration in miRNAs expression in GBM’s ability to escape apoptosis, proliferation, and resistance to treatment. Further, miRNAs regulate the already altered pathways in GBM, including P53, RB, and PI3K-AKT pathways. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13550RBP53PI3KEGFRMGMTTMZ |
| spellingShingle | Isra Saif Eldin Eisa Sati Ishwar Parhar MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences RB P53 PI3K EGFR MGMT TMZ |
| title | MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma |
| title_full | MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma |
| title_fullStr | MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma |
| title_short | MicroRNAs Regulate Cell Cycle and Cell Death Pathways in Glioblastoma |
| title_sort | micrornas regulate cell cycle and cell death pathways in glioblastoma |
| topic | RB P53 PI3K EGFR MGMT TMZ |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13550 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT israsaifeldineisasati micrornasregulatecellcycleandcelldeathpathwaysinglioblastoma AT ishwarparhar micrornasregulatecellcycleandcelldeathpathwaysinglioblastoma |