Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata
Different patterns can be created on the surface of growing crystals, among which the step bunches and/or step meanders are two of the most studied. The Ehrlich–Schwoebel effect at the surface steps is considered one of the “usual suspects” of such patterning. A direct step barrier is when it is eas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1135 |
| _version_ | 1797519667770687488 |
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| author | Magdalena Załuska-Kotur Hristina Popova Vesselin Tonchev |
| author_facet | Magdalena Załuska-Kotur Hristina Popova Vesselin Tonchev |
| author_sort | Magdalena Załuska-Kotur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Different patterns can be created on the surface of growing crystals, among which the step bunches and/or step meanders are two of the most studied. The Ehrlich–Schwoebel effect at the surface steps is considered one of the “usual suspects” of such patterning. A direct step barrier is when it is easier to attach a particle to the step from the lower terrace than from the upper terrace. Thus, during the process of crystal growth leads to the formation of meanders, while an inverse barrier leads to step bunching. Based on our vicinal Cellular Automaton model, but this time in (2 + 1)D, we show that the combination of a direct and inverse step barrier and the proper selection of the potential of the well between them leads to the formation of bunched step structures. Following this is the formation of anti-bands. In addition, changing the height of the direct step barrier leads to the growth of nanocolumns, nanowires, and nanopyramids or meanders, in the same system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05a811d606a84a3eb2b339ae682c387f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-05a811d606a84a3eb2b339ae682c387f2023-11-22T12:36:26ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-09-01119113510.3390/cryst11091135Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular AutomataMagdalena Załuska-Kotur0Hristina Popova1Vesselin Tonchev2Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 11, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaFaculty of Physics, Sofia University, 5 James Bourchier blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDifferent patterns can be created on the surface of growing crystals, among which the step bunches and/or step meanders are two of the most studied. The Ehrlich–Schwoebel effect at the surface steps is considered one of the “usual suspects” of such patterning. A direct step barrier is when it is easier to attach a particle to the step from the lower terrace than from the upper terrace. Thus, during the process of crystal growth leads to the formation of meanders, while an inverse barrier leads to step bunching. Based on our vicinal Cellular Automaton model, but this time in (2 + 1)D, we show that the combination of a direct and inverse step barrier and the proper selection of the potential of the well between them leads to the formation of bunched step structures. Following this is the formation of anti-bands. In addition, changing the height of the direct step barrier leads to the growth of nanocolumns, nanowires, and nanopyramids or meanders, in the same system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1135crystal growth and instabilitiesvicinal surfacessurface patterningstep bunching and meanderingcellular automatananowires |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Załuska-Kotur Hristina Popova Vesselin Tonchev Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata Crystals crystal growth and instabilities vicinal surfaces surface patterning step bunching and meandering cellular automata nanowires |
| title | Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata |
| title_full | Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata |
| title_fullStr | Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata |
| title_full_unstemmed | Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata |
| title_short | Step Bunches, Nanowires and Other Vicinal “Creatures”—Ehrlich–Schwoebel Effect by Cellular Automata |
| title_sort | step bunches nanowires and other vicinal creatures ehrlich schwoebel effect by cellular automata |
| topic | crystal growth and instabilities vicinal surfaces surface patterning step bunching and meandering cellular automata nanowires |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1135 |
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