HWJMSC-EVs promote cartilage regeneration and repair via the ITGB1/TGF-β/Smad2/3 axis mediated by microfractures
Abstract The current first-line treatment for repairing cartilage defects in clinical practice is the creation of microfractures (MF) to stimulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this method has many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived extracellular vesicle...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2024-04-01
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Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02451-2 |