Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering
Background: Engineering cardiac tissue that mimics the hierarchical structure of cardiac tissue remains challenging, raising the need for developing novel methods capable of creating structures with high complexity. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques are among promising methods for engineeri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161804/full |
| _version_ | 1797820415031115776 |
|---|---|
| author | Farinaz Ketabat Titouan Maris Titouan Maris Xiaoman Duan Zahra Yazdanpanah Michael E. Kelly Michael E. Kelly Ildiko Badea Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen |
| author_facet | Farinaz Ketabat Titouan Maris Titouan Maris Xiaoman Duan Zahra Yazdanpanah Michael E. Kelly Michael E. Kelly Ildiko Badea Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen |
| author_sort | Farinaz Ketabat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Engineering cardiac tissue that mimics the hierarchical structure of cardiac tissue remains challenging, raising the need for developing novel methods capable of creating structures with high complexity. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques are among promising methods for engineering complex tissue constructs with high precision. By means of 3D printing, this study aims to develop cardiac constructs with a novel angular structure mimicking cardiac architecture from alginate (Alg) and gelatin (Gel) composite. The 3D-printing conditions were optimized and the structures were characterized in vitro, with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells), for potential cardiac tissue engineering.Methods: We synthesized the composites of Alg and Gel with varying concentrations and examined their cytotoxicity with both H9c2 cells and HUVECs, as well as their printability for creating 3D structures of varying fibre orientations (angular design). The 3D-printed structures were characterized in terms of morphology by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography (SR-PBI-CT), and elastic modulus, swelling percentage, and mass loss percentage as well. The cell viability studies were conducted via measuring the metabolic activity of the live cells with MTT assay and visualizing the cells with live/dead assay kit.Results: Among the examined composite groups of Alg and Gel, two combinations with ratios of 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 (termed as Alg2Gel1 and Alg3Gel1) showed the highest cell survival; they accordingly were used to fabricate two different structures: a novel angular and a conventional lattice structure. Scaffolds made of Alg3Gel1 showed higher elastic modulus, lower swelling percentage, less mass loss, and higher cell survival compared to that of Alg2Gel1. Although the viability of H9c2 cells and HUVECs on all scaffolds composed of Alg3Gel1 was above 99%, the group of the constructs with the angular design maintained significantly more viable cells compared to other investigated groups.Conclusion: The group of angular 3D-ptinted constructs has illustrated promising properties for cardiac tissue engineering by providing high cell viability for both endothelial and cardiac cells, high mechanical strength as well as appropriate swelling, and degradation properties during 21 days of incubation.Statement of Significance: 3D-printing is an emerging method to create complex constructs with high precision in a large scale. In this study, we have demonstrated that 3D-printing can be used to create compatible constructs from the composite of Alg and Gel with endothelial cells and cardiac cells. Also, we have demonstrated that these constructs are able to enhance the viability of cardiac and endothelial cells via creating a 3D structure mimicking the alignment and orientation of the fibers in the native heart. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:39:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05ac7e50b86a492daa626c5511a8ebf2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:39:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-05ac7e50b86a492daa626c5511a8ebf22023-05-25T04:55:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852023-05-011110.3389/fbioe.2023.11618041161804Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineeringFarinaz Ketabat0Titouan Maris1Titouan Maris2Xiaoman Duan3Zahra Yazdanpanah4Michael E. Kelly5Michael E. Kelly6Ildiko Badea7Xiongbiao Chen8Xiongbiao Chen9Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaInstitut Catholique des arts et métiers (ICAM)- Site de Toulouse, Toulouse, FranceDivision of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaCollege of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDivision of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaBackground: Engineering cardiac tissue that mimics the hierarchical structure of cardiac tissue remains challenging, raising the need for developing novel methods capable of creating structures with high complexity. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques are among promising methods for engineering complex tissue constructs with high precision. By means of 3D printing, this study aims to develop cardiac constructs with a novel angular structure mimicking cardiac architecture from alginate (Alg) and gelatin (Gel) composite. The 3D-printing conditions were optimized and the structures were characterized in vitro, with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells), for potential cardiac tissue engineering.Methods: We synthesized the composites of Alg and Gel with varying concentrations and examined their cytotoxicity with both H9c2 cells and HUVECs, as well as their printability for creating 3D structures of varying fibre orientations (angular design). The 3D-printed structures were characterized in terms of morphology by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation propagation-based imaging computed tomography (SR-PBI-CT), and elastic modulus, swelling percentage, and mass loss percentage as well. The cell viability studies were conducted via measuring the metabolic activity of the live cells with MTT assay and visualizing the cells with live/dead assay kit.Results: Among the examined composite groups of Alg and Gel, two combinations with ratios of 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 (termed as Alg2Gel1 and Alg3Gel1) showed the highest cell survival; they accordingly were used to fabricate two different structures: a novel angular and a conventional lattice structure. Scaffolds made of Alg3Gel1 showed higher elastic modulus, lower swelling percentage, less mass loss, and higher cell survival compared to that of Alg2Gel1. Although the viability of H9c2 cells and HUVECs on all scaffolds composed of Alg3Gel1 was above 99%, the group of the constructs with the angular design maintained significantly more viable cells compared to other investigated groups.Conclusion: The group of angular 3D-ptinted constructs has illustrated promising properties for cardiac tissue engineering by providing high cell viability for both endothelial and cardiac cells, high mechanical strength as well as appropriate swelling, and degradation properties during 21 days of incubation.Statement of Significance: 3D-printing is an emerging method to create complex constructs with high precision in a large scale. In this study, we have demonstrated that 3D-printing can be used to create compatible constructs from the composite of Alg and Gel with endothelial cells and cardiac cells. Also, we have demonstrated that these constructs are able to enhance the viability of cardiac and endothelial cells via creating a 3D structure mimicking the alignment and orientation of the fibers in the native heart.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161804/fullthree-dimensional (3D) printingcardiac tissue engineeringprintabilityalginategelatinfiber orientation |
| spellingShingle | Farinaz Ketabat Titouan Maris Titouan Maris Xiaoman Duan Zahra Yazdanpanah Michael E. Kelly Michael E. Kelly Ildiko Badea Xiongbiao Chen Xiongbiao Chen Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology three-dimensional (3D) printing cardiac tissue engineering printability alginate gelatin fiber orientation |
| title | Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| title_full | Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| title_short | Optimization of 3D printing and in vitro characterization of alginate/gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| title_sort | optimization of 3d printing and in vitro characterization of alginate gelatin lattice and angular scaffolds for potential cardiac tissue engineering |
| topic | three-dimensional (3D) printing cardiac tissue engineering printability alginate gelatin fiber orientation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161804/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT farinazketabat optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT titouanmaris optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT titouanmaris optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT xiaomanduan optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT zahrayazdanpanah optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT michaelekelly optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT michaelekelly optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT ildikobadea optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT xiongbiaochen optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering AT xiongbiaochen optimizationof3dprintingandinvitrocharacterizationofalginategelatinlatticeandangularscaffoldsforpotentialcardiactissueengineering |