Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media
Organic aggregates currently play a prominent role, mainly for their unique optoelectronic properties in the aggregated state. Such properties can be related to the aggregates’ structure and the molecular packing mode. In the literature, we have well-established models of H and J aggregates defined...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/5012 |
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| author | Aneta Lewkowicz Mattia Pierpaoli Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc Martyna Czarnomska Piotr Bojarski Robert Bogdanowicz Stanisław Pogorzelski Leszek Kułak Jakub Karczewski |
| author_facet | Aneta Lewkowicz Mattia Pierpaoli Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc Martyna Czarnomska Piotr Bojarski Robert Bogdanowicz Stanisław Pogorzelski Leszek Kułak Jakub Karczewski |
| author_sort | Aneta Lewkowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organic aggregates currently play a prominent role, mainly for their unique optoelectronic properties in the aggregated state. Such properties can be related to the aggregates’ structure and the molecular packing mode. In the literature, we have well-established models of H and J aggregates defined based on the molecular exciton model. However, unconventional aggregates, the most unrecognized forms, have been generating interest among researchers recently. Within unconventional aggregation, aggregation-induced emission systems (AIE) are considered. In the present work, we discuss the effect of the forming of unconventional aggregation together with the change in dye concentration on the surface energy characteristics of the materials. All materials were prepared as hybrid biocompatible thin films where the matrix is TiO<sub>2</sub> or TiO<sub>2</sub>/carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with the incorporated dye in the form of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO). Using the time-resolved emission spectra and the determination of surface parameters from contact angle measurements, we indicated the correlation between the changes in such parameters and the concentration of DFO dye in two types of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>/CNW structures. To examine the propensity of DFO for aggregation, the internal energy of the dye was assessed in several aggregate structures using Quantum chemistry calculations. The results emphasize that DFO is an attractive structure in the design of new fluorophores due to its low molecular weight, the presence of a nitrogen atom that provides good coordination properties, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Our studies show that when using suitable matrices, i.e., rigid media, it forms the preferred forms of aggregates in the excited state, characterized by high emission efficiency in the band maximum of around 550 nm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05ace42edc8c4da79490b8696ac2caab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:15:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-05ace42edc8c4da79490b8696ac2caab2023-12-01T22:23:59ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-07-011514501210.3390/ma15145012Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible MediaAneta Lewkowicz0Mattia Pierpaoli1Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc2Martyna Czarnomska3Piotr Bojarski4Robert Bogdanowicz5Stanisław Pogorzelski6Leszek Kułak7Jakub Karczewski8Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, PolandFaculty of Law and Administration, University of Gdansk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 6, 80-309 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandFaculty of Applied Physics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandOrganic aggregates currently play a prominent role, mainly for their unique optoelectronic properties in the aggregated state. Such properties can be related to the aggregates’ structure and the molecular packing mode. In the literature, we have well-established models of H and J aggregates defined based on the molecular exciton model. However, unconventional aggregates, the most unrecognized forms, have been generating interest among researchers recently. Within unconventional aggregation, aggregation-induced emission systems (AIE) are considered. In the present work, we discuss the effect of the forming of unconventional aggregation together with the change in dye concentration on the surface energy characteristics of the materials. All materials were prepared as hybrid biocompatible thin films where the matrix is TiO<sub>2</sub> or TiO<sub>2</sub>/carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with the incorporated dye in the form of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO). Using the time-resolved emission spectra and the determination of surface parameters from contact angle measurements, we indicated the correlation between the changes in such parameters and the concentration of DFO dye in two types of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>/CNW structures. To examine the propensity of DFO for aggregation, the internal energy of the dye was assessed in several aggregate structures using Quantum chemistry calculations. The results emphasize that DFO is an attractive structure in the design of new fluorophores due to its low molecular weight, the presence of a nitrogen atom that provides good coordination properties, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Our studies show that when using suitable matrices, i.e., rigid media, it forms the preferred forms of aggregates in the excited state, characterized by high emission efficiency in the band maximum of around 550 nm.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/50121,8-diazafluoren-9-onetitanium dioxidecarbon nanowalls |
| spellingShingle | Aneta Lewkowicz Mattia Pierpaoli Katarzyna Walczewska-Szewc Martyna Czarnomska Piotr Bojarski Robert Bogdanowicz Stanisław Pogorzelski Leszek Kułak Jakub Karczewski Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media Materials 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one titanium dioxide carbon nanowalls |
| title | Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media |
| title_full | Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media |
| title_fullStr | Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media |
| title_short | Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media |
| title_sort | nonconventional 1 8 diazafluoren 9 one aggregates for green light enhancement in hybrid biocompatible media |
| topic | 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one titanium dioxide carbon nanowalls |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/5012 |
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