Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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author | Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães May Anny A Fraga Isaac J. de Souza Araújo Rafael R. Pacheco Américo B. Correr Regina M. Puppin-Rontani |
author_facet | Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães May Anny A Fraga Isaac J. de Souza Araújo Rafael R. Pacheco Américo B. Correr Regina M. Puppin-Rontani |
author_sort | Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães |
collection | DOAJ |
description | After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-4), with and without fluoride, and sodium fluoride (NaF 2%) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra (μm)) of bleached enamel with an in-office bleaching regimen. Enamel blocks of bovine teeth (5 × 5 × 2 mm) with standardized surface hardness were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups (<i>n</i> = 7) according to post-bleaching treatment: no treatment (negative control) (C-); 2% NaF (NaF); Curodont™ Repair (Repair); and Curodont™ Protect (Protect). Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. To evaluate the effect of the post-bleaching treatments, KHN and Ra were measured before bleaching (baseline) and 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). There were significant interactions between the study factors (<i>p</i> = 0.001). After 7 days, Repair (572.50 ± 79.04) and Protect (583.00 ± 74.76) specimens showed increased surface KHN, with values higher than the NaF (465.50 ± 41.50) and C- (475.22 ± 58.95) baseline values. There was no significant difference in KHN at 24 h among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.587). At 24 h after bleaching, Repair was significantly different from all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Repair showed the lowest Ra (μm) values (0.133 ± 0.035). After seven days, there was no significant difference in Ra values among groups when compared to the baseline. The use of P<sub>11</sub>-4-based materials after bleaching resulted in the fastest recovery to baseline enamel properties. |
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spelling | doaj.art-05ae0c59b7e94a29b31e5601d52256902023-11-23T17:19:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832022-06-011327910.3390/jfb13020079Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached EnamelGabriela de A. P. Magalhães0May Anny A Fraga1Isaac J. de Souza Araújo2Rafael R. Pacheco3Américo B. Correr4Regina M. Puppin-Rontani5Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, 48208 MI, USADepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilAfter bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-4), with and without fluoride, and sodium fluoride (NaF 2%) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra (μm)) of bleached enamel with an in-office bleaching regimen. Enamel blocks of bovine teeth (5 × 5 × 2 mm) with standardized surface hardness were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups (<i>n</i> = 7) according to post-bleaching treatment: no treatment (negative control) (C-); 2% NaF (NaF); Curodont™ Repair (Repair); and Curodont™ Protect (Protect). Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. To evaluate the effect of the post-bleaching treatments, KHN and Ra were measured before bleaching (baseline) and 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). There were significant interactions between the study factors (<i>p</i> = 0.001). After 7 days, Repair (572.50 ± 79.04) and Protect (583.00 ± 74.76) specimens showed increased surface KHN, with values higher than the NaF (465.50 ± 41.50) and C- (475.22 ± 58.95) baseline values. There was no significant difference in KHN at 24 h among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.587). At 24 h after bleaching, Repair was significantly different from all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Repair showed the lowest Ra (μm) values (0.133 ± 0.035). After seven days, there was no significant difference in Ra values among groups when compared to the baseline. The use of P<sub>11</sub>-4-based materials after bleaching resulted in the fastest recovery to baseline enamel properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/79tooth bleachingtooth remineralizationself-assembly peptidesodium fluoridehardnessroughness |
spellingShingle | Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães May Anny A Fraga Isaac J. de Souza Araújo Rafael R. Pacheco Américo B. Correr Regina M. Puppin-Rontani Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel Journal of Functional Biomaterials tooth bleaching tooth remineralization self-assembly peptide sodium fluoride hardness roughness |
title | Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel |
title_full | Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel |
title_fullStr | Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel |
title_short | Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel |
title_sort | effect of a self assembly peptide on surface roughness and hardness of bleached enamel |
topic | tooth bleaching tooth remineralization self-assembly peptide sodium fluoride hardness roughness |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/79 |
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