Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel

After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-...

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Main Authors: Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães, May Anny A Fraga, Isaac J. de Souza Araújo, Rafael R. Pacheco, Américo B. Correr, Regina M. Puppin-Rontani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/79
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author Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães
May Anny A Fraga
Isaac J. de Souza Araújo
Rafael R. Pacheco
Américo B. Correr
Regina M. Puppin-Rontani
author_facet Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães
May Anny A Fraga
Isaac J. de Souza Araújo
Rafael R. Pacheco
Américo B. Correr
Regina M. Puppin-Rontani
author_sort Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães
collection DOAJ
description After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-4), with and without fluoride, and sodium fluoride (NaF 2%) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra (μm)) of bleached enamel with an in-office bleaching regimen. Enamel blocks of bovine teeth (5 × 5 × 2 mm) with standardized surface hardness were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups (<i>n</i> = 7) according to post-bleaching treatment: no treatment (negative control) (C-); 2% NaF (NaF); Curodont™ Repair (Repair); and Curodont™ Protect (Protect). Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. To evaluate the effect of the post-bleaching treatments, KHN and Ra were measured before bleaching (baseline) and 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). There were significant interactions between the study factors (<i>p</i> = 0.001). After 7 days, Repair (572.50 ± 79.04) and Protect (583.00 ± 74.76) specimens showed increased surface KHN, with values higher than the NaF (465.50 ± 41.50) and C- (475.22 ± 58.95) baseline values. There was no significant difference in KHN at 24 h among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.587). At 24 h after bleaching, Repair was significantly different from all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Repair showed the lowest Ra (μm) values (0.133 ± 0.035). After seven days, there was no significant difference in Ra values among groups when compared to the baseline. The use of P<sub>11</sub>-4-based materials after bleaching resulted in the fastest recovery to baseline enamel properties.
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spelling doaj.art-05ae0c59b7e94a29b31e5601d52256902023-11-23T17:19:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832022-06-011327910.3390/jfb13020079Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached EnamelGabriela de A. P. Magalhães0May Anny A Fraga1Isaac J. de Souza Araújo2Rafael R. Pacheco3Américo B. Correr4Regina M. Puppin-Rontani5Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, 48208 MI, USADepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilDepartment of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414903, BrazilAfter bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P<sub>11</sub>-4), with and without fluoride, and sodium fluoride (NaF 2%) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra (μm)) of bleached enamel with an in-office bleaching regimen. Enamel blocks of bovine teeth (5 × 5 × 2 mm) with standardized surface hardness were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups (<i>n</i> = 7) according to post-bleaching treatment: no treatment (negative control) (C-); 2% NaF (NaF); Curodont™ Repair (Repair); and Curodont™ Protect (Protect). Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. To evaluate the effect of the post-bleaching treatments, KHN and Ra were measured before bleaching (baseline) and 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). There were significant interactions between the study factors (<i>p</i> = 0.001). After 7 days, Repair (572.50 ± 79.04) and Protect (583.00 ± 74.76) specimens showed increased surface KHN, with values higher than the NaF (465.50 ± 41.50) and C- (475.22 ± 58.95) baseline values. There was no significant difference in KHN at 24 h among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.587). At 24 h after bleaching, Repair was significantly different from all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Repair showed the lowest Ra (μm) values (0.133 ± 0.035). After seven days, there was no significant difference in Ra values among groups when compared to the baseline. The use of P<sub>11</sub>-4-based materials after bleaching resulted in the fastest recovery to baseline enamel properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/79tooth bleachingtooth remineralizationself-assembly peptidesodium fluoridehardnessroughness
spellingShingle Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães
May Anny A Fraga
Isaac J. de Souza Araújo
Rafael R. Pacheco
Américo B. Correr
Regina M. Puppin-Rontani
Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
Journal of Functional Biomaterials
tooth bleaching
tooth remineralization
self-assembly peptide
sodium fluoride
hardness
roughness
title Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
title_full Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
title_fullStr Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
title_full_unstemmed Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
title_short Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel
title_sort effect of a self assembly peptide on surface roughness and hardness of bleached enamel
topic tooth bleaching
tooth remineralization
self-assembly peptide
sodium fluoride
hardness
roughness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/2/79
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