Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells
Abstract The vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04521-y |
| _version_ | 1830287655342964736 |
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| author | Yuvaraj Sambandam Sakamuri V. Reddy Jennifer L. Mulligan Christina Voelkel-Johnson Carol L. Wagner |
| author_facet | Yuvaraj Sambandam Sakamuri V. Reddy Jennifer L. Mulligan Christina Voelkel-Johnson Carol L. Wagner |
| author_sort | Yuvaraj Sambandam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cell function and bone-resorbing osteoclast formation, the expression of TRAIL in human milk as a function of vitamin D status in mothers remains unknown. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency alters TRAIL protein levels in human breast milk and mammary epithelial cells. Milk from vitamin D deficient mothers showed high levels of TRAIL (α and β) proteins compared to milk from vitamin D replete women. Western blot analysis of total cell lysate obtained from normal human mammary epithelial (HME-1) cells treated with variable doses (0–20 nM) of vitamin D for 24 h demonstrated that low levels (0.5 to 5 nM) significantly increased the TRAIL α but no change in β expression. In contrast, vitamin D at 20 nM concentration suppressed the expression of both TRAIL α and β proteins. Consistently, vitamin D regulated TRAIL mRNA expression in HME-1 cells. Our results indicate that vitamin D status in mothers modulates TRAIL expression in breast milk, which may have implications for both mother and infant health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:21:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05be34985f264e98862e7a8b84356f84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:21:39Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-05be34985f264e98862e7a8b84356f842022-12-21T20:36:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222017-06-01711710.1038/s41598-017-04521-yVitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial CellsYuvaraj Sambandam0Sakamuri V. Reddy1Jennifer L. Mulligan2Christina Voelkel-Johnson3Carol L. Wagner4Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South CarolinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South CarolinaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South CarolinaDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South CarolinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South CarolinaAbstract The vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cell function and bone-resorbing osteoclast formation, the expression of TRAIL in human milk as a function of vitamin D status in mothers remains unknown. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency alters TRAIL protein levels in human breast milk and mammary epithelial cells. Milk from vitamin D deficient mothers showed high levels of TRAIL (α and β) proteins compared to milk from vitamin D replete women. Western blot analysis of total cell lysate obtained from normal human mammary epithelial (HME-1) cells treated with variable doses (0–20 nM) of vitamin D for 24 h demonstrated that low levels (0.5 to 5 nM) significantly increased the TRAIL α but no change in β expression. In contrast, vitamin D at 20 nM concentration suppressed the expression of both TRAIL α and β proteins. Consistently, vitamin D regulated TRAIL mRNA expression in HME-1 cells. Our results indicate that vitamin D status in mothers modulates TRAIL expression in breast milk, which may have implications for both mother and infant health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04521-y |
| spellingShingle | Yuvaraj Sambandam Sakamuri V. Reddy Jennifer L. Mulligan Christina Voelkel-Johnson Carol L. Wagner Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells Scientific Reports |
| title | Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | vitamin d modulation of trail expression in human milk and mammary epithelial cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04521-y |
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