Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads
Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are rubber-based seismic devices introduced as a low-cost alternative to steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs). They are generally used in unbonded applications, i.e., friction is used to transfer the lateral loads from the upper to the lower s...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3515 |
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| author | Simone Galano Andrea Calabrese |
| author_facet | Simone Galano Andrea Calabrese |
| author_sort | Simone Galano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are rubber-based seismic devices introduced as a low-cost alternative to steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs). They are generally used in unbonded applications, i.e., friction is used to transfer the lateral loads from the upper to the lower structure. Under combined axial and shear loads, the lateral edges of the unbonded bearings detach from the top and bottom supports resulting in a rollover deformation. Due to increasing horizontal displacement, the overlap area of the bearing decreases; thus, the vertical properties of the device are a function of the imposed lateral deformation. This paper introduces a closed-form solution to derive the vertical stiffness of the bearings as a function of the horizontal displacement. The variations of the vertical stiffness and of the effective compressive modulus of square-shaped FREIs are given in this work. The analytical results are then validated through a comparison with the outputs of a parametric finite element analysis of FREIs, including different mechanical and geometric parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:59:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05c29640ae0a48abad62d9525c45240b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:59:10Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-05c29640ae0a48abad62d9525c45240b2023-11-17T09:22:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-03-01136351510.3390/app13063515Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear LoadsSimone Galano0Andrea Calabrese1Department of Structures for Engineering & Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Civil Engineering & Construction Engineering Management, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USAFiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are rubber-based seismic devices introduced as a low-cost alternative to steel-reinforced elastomeric isolators (SREIs). They are generally used in unbonded applications, i.e., friction is used to transfer the lateral loads from the upper to the lower structure. Under combined axial and shear loads, the lateral edges of the unbonded bearings detach from the top and bottom supports resulting in a rollover deformation. Due to increasing horizontal displacement, the overlap area of the bearing decreases; thus, the vertical properties of the device are a function of the imposed lateral deformation. This paper introduces a closed-form solution to derive the vertical stiffness of the bearings as a function of the horizontal displacement. The variations of the vertical stiffness and of the effective compressive modulus of square-shaped FREIs are given in this work. The analytical results are then validated through a comparison with the outputs of a parametric finite element analysis of FREIs, including different mechanical and geometric parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3515fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolatorsfinite element analysisvertical stiffnesseffective compressive modulusstability |
| spellingShingle | Simone Galano Andrea Calabrese Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads Applied Sciences fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators finite element analysis vertical stiffness effective compressive modulus stability |
| title | Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads |
| title_full | Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads |
| title_fullStr | Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads |
| title_short | Analytical and Numerical Study of the Axial Stiffness of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREIs) under Combined Axial and Shear Loads |
| title_sort | analytical and numerical study of the axial stiffness of fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators freis under combined axial and shear loads |
| topic | fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators finite element analysis vertical stiffness effective compressive modulus stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3515 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT simonegalano analyticalandnumericalstudyoftheaxialstiffnessoffiberreinforcedelastomericisolatorsfreisundercombinedaxialandshearloads AT andreacalabrese analyticalandnumericalstudyoftheaxialstiffnessoffiberreinforcedelastomericisolatorsfreisundercombinedaxialandshearloads |