Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species
γ-Alumina with incorporated metal oxide species (including Fe, Cu, Zn, Bi, and Ga) was synthesized by liquid-assisted grinding—mechanochemical synthesis, applying boehmite as the alumina precursor and suitable metal salts. Various contents of metal elements (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) were used t...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2002 |
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| author | Rabindra Dubadi Ewelina Weidner Bogdan Samojeden Teofil Jesionowski Filip Ciesielczyk Songping Huang Mietek Jaroniec |
| author_facet | Rabindra Dubadi Ewelina Weidner Bogdan Samojeden Teofil Jesionowski Filip Ciesielczyk Songping Huang Mietek Jaroniec |
| author_sort | Rabindra Dubadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | γ-Alumina with incorporated metal oxide species (including Fe, Cu, Zn, Bi, and Ga) was synthesized by liquid-assisted grinding—mechanochemical synthesis, applying boehmite as the alumina precursor and suitable metal salts. Various contents of metal elements (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) were used to tune the composition of the resulting hybrid materials. The different milling time was tested to find the most suitable procedure that allowed the preparation of porous alumina incorporated with selected metal oxide species. The block copolymer, Pluronic P123, was used as a pore-generating agent. Commercial γ−alumina (S<sub>BET</sub> = 96 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), and the sample fabricated after two hours of initial grinding of boehmite (S<sub>BET</sub> = 266 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), were used as references. Analysis of another sample of γ-alumina prepared within 3 h of one-pot milling revealed a higher surface area (S<sub>BET</sub> = 320 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>) that did not increase with a further increase in the milling time. So, three hours of grinding time were set as optimal for this material. The synthesized samples were characterized by low-temperature N<sub>2</sub> sorption, TGA/DTG, XRD, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and XRF techniques. The higher loading of metal oxide into the alumina structure was confirmed by the higher intensity of the XRF peaks. Samples synthesized with the lowest metal oxide content (5 wt.%) were tested for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH<sub>3</sub> (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR). Among all tested samples, besides pristine Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and alumina incorporated with gallium oxide, the increase in reaction temperature accelerated the NO conversion. The highest NO conversion rate was observed for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-incorporated alumina (70%) at 450 °C and CuO-incorporated alumina (71%) at 300 °C. The CO<sub>2</sub> capture was also studied for synthesized samples and the sample of alumina with incorporated Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (10 wt.%) gave the best result (1.16 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup>) at 25 °C, while alumina alone could adsorb only 0.85 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup> of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the synthesized samples were tested for antimicrobial properties and found to be quite active against Gram-negative bacteria, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (PA). The measured Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for the alumina samples with incorporated Fe, Cu, and Bi oxide (10 wt.%) were found to be 4 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, while 8 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup> was obtained for pure alumina. |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-05c6674b5bfc4ded97662744af7bcd512023-11-17T08:10:40ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01285200210.3390/molecules28052002Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide SpeciesRabindra Dubadi0Ewelina Weidner1Bogdan Samojeden2Teofil Jesionowski3Filip Ciesielczyk4Songping Huang5Mietek Jaroniec6Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USAInstitute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Fuel Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH–University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, PolandInstitute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USAγ-Alumina with incorporated metal oxide species (including Fe, Cu, Zn, Bi, and Ga) was synthesized by liquid-assisted grinding—mechanochemical synthesis, applying boehmite as the alumina precursor and suitable metal salts. Various contents of metal elements (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) were used to tune the composition of the resulting hybrid materials. The different milling time was tested to find the most suitable procedure that allowed the preparation of porous alumina incorporated with selected metal oxide species. The block copolymer, Pluronic P123, was used as a pore-generating agent. Commercial γ−alumina (S<sub>BET</sub> = 96 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), and the sample fabricated after two hours of initial grinding of boehmite (S<sub>BET</sub> = 266 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>), were used as references. Analysis of another sample of γ-alumina prepared within 3 h of one-pot milling revealed a higher surface area (S<sub>BET</sub> = 320 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>) that did not increase with a further increase in the milling time. So, three hours of grinding time were set as optimal for this material. The synthesized samples were characterized by low-temperature N<sub>2</sub> sorption, TGA/DTG, XRD, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and XRF techniques. The higher loading of metal oxide into the alumina structure was confirmed by the higher intensity of the XRF peaks. Samples synthesized with the lowest metal oxide content (5 wt.%) were tested for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH<sub>3</sub> (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR). Among all tested samples, besides pristine Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and alumina incorporated with gallium oxide, the increase in reaction temperature accelerated the NO conversion. The highest NO conversion rate was observed for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-incorporated alumina (70%) at 450 °C and CuO-incorporated alumina (71%) at 300 °C. The CO<sub>2</sub> capture was also studied for synthesized samples and the sample of alumina with incorporated Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (10 wt.%) gave the best result (1.16 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup>) at 25 °C, while alumina alone could adsorb only 0.85 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup> of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the synthesized samples were tested for antimicrobial properties and found to be quite active against Gram-negative bacteria, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (PA). The measured Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for the alumina samples with incorporated Fe, Cu, and Bi oxide (10 wt.%) were found to be 4 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, while 8 µg·mL<sup>−1</sup> was obtained for pure alumina.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2002mechanochemical synthesisγ-aluminametal oxide incorporationNO conversionCO<sub>2</sub> captureantimicrobial properties |
| spellingShingle | Rabindra Dubadi Ewelina Weidner Bogdan Samojeden Teofil Jesionowski Filip Ciesielczyk Songping Huang Mietek Jaroniec Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species Molecules mechanochemical synthesis γ-alumina metal oxide incorporation NO conversion CO<sub>2</sub> capture antimicrobial properties |
| title | Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species |
| title_full | Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species |
| title_short | Exploring the Multifunctionality of Mechanochemically Synthesized γ-Alumina with Incorporated Selected Metal Oxide Species |
| title_sort | exploring the multifunctionality of mechanochemically synthesized γ alumina with incorporated selected metal oxide species |
| topic | mechanochemical synthesis γ-alumina metal oxide incorporation NO conversion CO<sub>2</sub> capture antimicrobial properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2002 |
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