Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review
Li-ion battery materials have been widely studied over the past decades. The metal salts that serve as starting materials for cathode and production, including Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, NiSO<sub>4</sub>, CoSO<sub>4</sub> and MnSO<sub>4</su...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1609 |
| _version_ | 1797546139700953088 |
|---|---|
| author | Yiqian Ma Michael Svärd Xiong Xiao James M. Gardner Richard T. Olsson Kerstin Forsberg |
| author_facet | Yiqian Ma Michael Svärd Xiong Xiao James M. Gardner Richard T. Olsson Kerstin Forsberg |
| author_sort | Yiqian Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Li-ion battery materials have been widely studied over the past decades. The metal salts that serve as starting materials for cathode and production, including Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, NiSO<sub>4</sub>, CoSO<sub>4</sub> and MnSO<sub>4</sub>, are mainly produced using hydrometallurgical processes. In hydrometallurgy, aqueous precipitation and crystallization are important unit operations. Precipitation is mainly used in the processes of impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while controlled crystallization can be very important to produce a pure product that separates well from the liquid solution. Precipitation and crystallization are often considered in the development of sustainable technologies, and there is still room for applying novel techniques. This review focuses on precipitation and crystallization applied to the production of metal salts for Li-ion battery materials. A number of novel and promising precipitation and crystallization methods, including eutectic freeze crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, and homogeneous precipitation are discussed. Finally, the application of precipitation and crystallization techniques in hydrometallurgical recycling processes for Li-ion batteries are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05cb6f27bacb40058055f8ab9d6a5fc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-05cb6f27bacb40058055f8ab9d6a5fc72023-11-20T22:57:26ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-11-011012160910.3390/met10121609Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A ReviewYiqian Ma0Michael Svärd1Xiong Xiao2James M. Gardner3Richard T. Olsson4Kerstin Forsberg5Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, 11428 Stockholm, SwedenLi-ion battery materials have been widely studied over the past decades. The metal salts that serve as starting materials for cathode and production, including Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, NiSO<sub>4</sub>, CoSO<sub>4</sub> and MnSO<sub>4</sub>, are mainly produced using hydrometallurgical processes. In hydrometallurgy, aqueous precipitation and crystallization are important unit operations. Precipitation is mainly used in the processes of impurity removal, separation and preliminary production, while controlled crystallization can be very important to produce a pure product that separates well from the liquid solution. Precipitation and crystallization are often considered in the development of sustainable technologies, and there is still room for applying novel techniques. This review focuses on precipitation and crystallization applied to the production of metal salts for Li-ion battery materials. A number of novel and promising precipitation and crystallization methods, including eutectic freeze crystallization, antisolvent crystallization, and homogeneous precipitation are discussed. Finally, the application of precipitation and crystallization techniques in hydrometallurgical recycling processes for Li-ion batteries are reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1609precipitationcrystallizationmetal saltsLi-ion batteriesrecyclinghydrometallurgy |
| spellingShingle | Yiqian Ma Michael Svärd Xiong Xiao James M. Gardner Richard T. Olsson Kerstin Forsberg Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review Metals precipitation crystallization metal salts Li-ion batteries recycling hydrometallurgy |
| title | Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review |
| title_full | Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review |
| title_short | Precipitation and Crystallization Used in the Production of Metal Salts for Li-Ion Battery Materials: A Review |
| title_sort | precipitation and crystallization used in the production of metal salts for li ion battery materials a review |
| topic | precipitation crystallization metal salts Li-ion batteries recycling hydrometallurgy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1609 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yiqianma precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview AT michaelsvard precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview AT xiongxiao precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview AT jamesmgardner precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview AT richardtolsson precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview AT kerstinforsberg precipitationandcrystallizationusedintheproductionofmetalsaltsforliionbatterymaterialsareview |