Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4
Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EOs) (thymol, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, piperine, and curcumin) are being studied to minimize the impairment of gastrointestinal functions in weanling piglets. This study evaluates the effects of combining BA and EO on the performance and intestinal health of pi...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1978 |
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| author | Leticia Mendonça Rodrigues Túlio Otávio de Araújo Lima Neto Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa Claudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Dino Garcez Laya Kannan Silva Alves Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu Rony Antonio Ferreira Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli |
| author_facet | Leticia Mendonça Rodrigues Túlio Otávio de Araújo Lima Neto Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa Claudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Dino Garcez Laya Kannan Silva Alves Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu Rony Antonio Ferreira Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli |
| author_sort | Leticia Mendonça Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EOs) (thymol, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, piperine, and curcumin) are being studied to minimize the impairment of gastrointestinal functions in weanling piglets. This study evaluates the effects of combining BA and EO on the performance and intestinal health of piglets challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 (1 mL, 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL). In total, 270 weaned piglets were used in a randomized block design with six treatments: positive control, with 40 mg/kg colistin (PC); negative control, without the growth promoter (NC); negative control +5 g/kg benzoic acid (BA); negative control +2 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO2); negative control +3 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO3); negative control +4 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO4). BA+EO3 presented a greater average daily gain (ADG) (<i>p</i> = 0.0013) and better feed-to-gain ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.0138), compared to NC, from 21 to 35 days age. For the total period, BA, BA+EO3, and BA+EO4 were similar to PC and superior to NC for ADG (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) and final body weight (BW) (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). No difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) was verified for diarrhea, microbial population, production of volatile fatty acids, pH, weight of organs, cellular proliferation, and cholecystokinin count. NC and BA+EO4 resulted in a higher villus height in the jejunum (<i>p</i> = 0.0120) compared to BA+EO3. The use of BA or the combination of BA and EO at 3 g/kg provides improved performance, aside from being an economically viable alternative to replace colistin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:16:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05cc1321b15249bd8360b91772521f68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:16:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-05cc1321b15249bd8360b91772521f682023-11-20T18:49:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-10-011011197810.3390/ani10111978Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4Leticia Mendonça Rodrigues0Túlio Otávio de Araújo Lima Neto1Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa2Claudia Cassimira da Silva Martins3Dino Garcez4Laya Kannan Silva Alves5Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu6Rony Antonio Ferreira7Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli8Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, BrazilDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDSM Nutritional Products, São Paulo 01452-001, BrazilDSM Nutritional Products, São Paulo 01452-001, BrazilDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, BrazilBenzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EOs) (thymol, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, piperine, and curcumin) are being studied to minimize the impairment of gastrointestinal functions in weanling piglets. This study evaluates the effects of combining BA and EO on the performance and intestinal health of piglets challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 (1 mL, 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL). In total, 270 weaned piglets were used in a randomized block design with six treatments: positive control, with 40 mg/kg colistin (PC); negative control, without the growth promoter (NC); negative control +5 g/kg benzoic acid (BA); negative control +2 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO2); negative control +3 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO3); negative control +4 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO4). BA+EO3 presented a greater average daily gain (ADG) (<i>p</i> = 0.0013) and better feed-to-gain ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.0138), compared to NC, from 21 to 35 days age. For the total period, BA, BA+EO3, and BA+EO4 were similar to PC and superior to NC for ADG (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) and final body weight (BW) (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). No difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) was verified for diarrhea, microbial population, production of volatile fatty acids, pH, weight of organs, cellular proliferation, and cholecystokinin count. NC and BA+EO4 resulted in a higher villus height in the jejunum (<i>p</i> = 0.0120) compared to BA+EO3. The use of BA or the combination of BA and EO at 3 g/kg provides improved performance, aside from being an economically viable alternative to replace colistin.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1978bacteriamicrobiologyorganic acidpig nutritionstress physiologyweaning |
| spellingShingle | Leticia Mendonça Rodrigues Túlio Otávio de Araújo Lima Neto Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa Claudia Cassimira da Silva Martins Dino Garcez Laya Kannan Silva Alves Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu Rony Antonio Ferreira Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 Animals bacteria microbiology organic acid pig nutrition stress physiology weaning |
| title | Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 |
| title_full | Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 |
| title_fullStr | Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 |
| title_short | Benzoic Acid Combined with Essential Oils Can Be an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters for Piglets Challenged with <i>E. coli</i> F4 |
| title_sort | benzoic acid combined with essential oils can be an alternative to the use of antibiotic growth promoters for piglets challenged with i e coli i f4 |
| topic | bacteria microbiology organic acid pig nutrition stress physiology weaning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1978 |
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