Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as a new therapy or adjuvant therapy to traditional cancer therapy. The mode of action of PDT consists of the generation of...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6848 |
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| author | Mariza Aires-Fernandes Ramon Botelho Costa Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma Fernando Lucas Primo |
| author_facet | Mariza Aires-Fernandes Ramon Botelho Costa Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma Fernando Lucas Primo |
| author_sort | Mariza Aires-Fernandes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as a new therapy or adjuvant therapy to traditional cancer therapy. The mode of action of PDT consists of the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O<sub>2</sub>) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the administration of a compound called photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and molecular oxygen (<sup>3</sup>O<sub>2</sub>). This combination generates controlled photochemical reactions (photodynamic mechanisms) that produce ROS, such as singlet oxygen (¹O<sub>2</sub>), which can induce apoptosis and/or cell death induced by necrosis, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of the antitumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated region. However, the traditional compounds used in PDT limit its application. In this context, compounds of biotechnological origin with photosensitizing activity in association with nanotechnology are being used in PDT, aiming at its application in several types of cancer but with less toxicity toward neighboring tissues and better absorption of light for more aggressive types of cancer. In this review, we present studies involving innovatively developed PS that aimed to improve the efficiency of PDT in cancer treatment. Specifically, we focused on the clinical translation and application of PS of natural origin on cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05ce2c1b28844385a80e227e903a87ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-05ce2c1b28844385a80e227e903a87ee2023-11-24T01:32:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012720684810.3390/molecules27206848Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical PracticeMariza Aires-Fernandes0Ramon Botelho Costa1Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral2Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy3Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma4Fernando Lucas Primo5Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, BrazilEscuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, ChileDepartment of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, BrazilPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as a new therapy or adjuvant therapy to traditional cancer therapy. The mode of action of PDT consists of the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O<sub>2</sub>) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the administration of a compound called photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and molecular oxygen (<sup>3</sup>O<sub>2</sub>). This combination generates controlled photochemical reactions (photodynamic mechanisms) that produce ROS, such as singlet oxygen (¹O<sub>2</sub>), which can induce apoptosis and/or cell death induced by necrosis, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of the antitumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated region. However, the traditional compounds used in PDT limit its application. In this context, compounds of biotechnological origin with photosensitizing activity in association with nanotechnology are being used in PDT, aiming at its application in several types of cancer but with less toxicity toward neighboring tissues and better absorption of light for more aggressive types of cancer. In this review, we present studies involving innovatively developed PS that aimed to improve the efficiency of PDT in cancer treatment. Specifically, we focused on the clinical translation and application of PS of natural origin on cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6848cancer therapyphotodynamic therapybiotechnological photosensitizersnanobiotechnologymalignant tumors |
| spellingShingle | Mariza Aires-Fernandes Ramon Botelho Costa Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma Fernando Lucas Primo Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice Molecules cancer therapy photodynamic therapy biotechnological photosensitizers nanobiotechnology malignant tumors |
| title | Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice |
| title_full | Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice |
| title_fullStr | Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice |
| title_short | Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment—From Benchtop to Clinical Practice |
| title_sort | development of biotechnological photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy cancer research and treatment from benchtop to clinical practice |
| topic | cancer therapy photodynamic therapy biotechnological photosensitizers nanobiotechnology malignant tumors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6848 |
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