Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors
Introduction Mixed states in mood disorders present significant clinical and prognostic challenges. Although the DSM-5 has broadened diagnostic criteria for mixed states with the development of the ‘mixed features’ specifier and its application to unipolar depressive disorders, some mixed episode...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2022-06-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822010537/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797616969337274368 |
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| author | O. Charaa U. Ouali Y. Zgueb A. Aissa R. Jomli F. Nacef |
| author_facet | O. Charaa U. Ouali Y. Zgueb A. Aissa R. Jomli F. Nacef |
| author_sort | O. Charaa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction
Mixed states in mood disorders present significant clinical and prognostic challenges. Although the DSM-5 has broadened diagnostic criteria for mixed states with the development of the ‘mixed features’ specifier and its application to unipolar depressive disorders, some mixed episodes might still be overlooked.
Objectives
to evaluate the frequency and the factors associated with mixed depression according to the broader Koukopoulos criteria in a sample of patients with a major depressive episode
Methods
We included 99 consecutive patients presenting for a major depressive episode of bipolar (n=10) or unipolar major depressive (n=89) disorder at our outpatient clinic. Major depression was ascertained using SCID- IV criteria, and mixed features were determined using Koukopoulos’ diagnostic criteria
Results
Mean age of the sample was 35.5 years [14-58]. Women accounted for 63.6% of patients. Mixed features were found in 19.5% (n=19) of the sample, 80% (n=8) among patients with bipolar disorders (BD) and 12.3% (n=11) among those with major depressive disorder (MDD). Individuals with mixed features had more substance abuse (p=0.005) and more suicide attempts (p=0.01). Individuals receiving antipsychotics had a lower risk of mixed features (p=0.000) while antidepressant treatment did not have any affect. A family history of BD, psychosis, suicide and substance abuse were found in these patients. Mixed features in depression were more frequent in patients with BD than in MDD.
Conclusions
Our study showed a high frequency of mixed features in depression, especially bipolar depression when Koukopoulos criteria are applied. Special attention should be given to these patients given the association with substance use and suicidality
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:48:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05db66069eb449b9a907c96d82dfb484 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:48:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-05db66069eb449b9a907c96d82dfb4842023-11-17T05:06:58ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852022-06-0165S415S41510.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1053Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factorsO. Charaa0U. Ouali1Y. Zgueb2A. Aissa3R. Jomli4F. Nacef5Razi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, TunisiaRazi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, TunisiaRazi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, TunisiaRazi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, TunisiaRazi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, TunisiaRazi hospital, Psychiatry A Department, manouba, Tunisia Introduction Mixed states in mood disorders present significant clinical and prognostic challenges. Although the DSM-5 has broadened diagnostic criteria for mixed states with the development of the ‘mixed features’ specifier and its application to unipolar depressive disorders, some mixed episodes might still be overlooked. Objectives to evaluate the frequency and the factors associated with mixed depression according to the broader Koukopoulos criteria in a sample of patients with a major depressive episode Methods We included 99 consecutive patients presenting for a major depressive episode of bipolar (n=10) or unipolar major depressive (n=89) disorder at our outpatient clinic. Major depression was ascertained using SCID- IV criteria, and mixed features were determined using Koukopoulos’ diagnostic criteria Results Mean age of the sample was 35.5 years [14-58]. Women accounted for 63.6% of patients. Mixed features were found in 19.5% (n=19) of the sample, 80% (n=8) among patients with bipolar disorders (BD) and 12.3% (n=11) among those with major depressive disorder (MDD). Individuals with mixed features had more substance abuse (p=0.005) and more suicide attempts (p=0.01). Individuals receiving antipsychotics had a lower risk of mixed features (p=0.000) while antidepressant treatment did not have any affect. A family history of BD, psychosis, suicide and substance abuse were found in these patients. Mixed features in depression were more frequent in patients with BD than in MDD. Conclusions Our study showed a high frequency of mixed features in depression, especially bipolar depression when Koukopoulos criteria are applied. Special attention should be given to these patients given the association with substance use and suicidality Disclosure No significant relationships. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822010537/type/journal_articleMixed featuresDepression |
| spellingShingle | O. Charaa U. Ouali Y. Zgueb A. Aissa R. Jomli F. Nacef Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors European Psychiatry Mixed features Depression |
| title | Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors |
| title_full | Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors |
| title_fullStr | Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors |
| title_short | Mixed features in depression: frequency and associated factors |
| title_sort | mixed features in depression frequency and associated factors |
| topic | Mixed features Depression |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822010537/type/journal_article |
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