Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank
This study investigated bacterial transport in a two-dimensional (2-D) tank to evaluate the bacterial behavior of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> as compared to <i>Escherichia coli</i> under saturated flow to simulate aquifer conditions. The experiments were performed in a 2-D...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3170 |
| _version_ | 1797548023157358592 |
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| author | Indrayudh Mondal Jazlyn Acosta Absar Alum Brooke K. Mayer Paul Dahlen Morteza Abbaszadegan |
| author_facet | Indrayudh Mondal Jazlyn Acosta Absar Alum Brooke K. Mayer Paul Dahlen Morteza Abbaszadegan |
| author_sort | Indrayudh Mondal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated bacterial transport in a two-dimensional (2-D) tank to evaluate the bacterial behavior of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> as compared to <i>Escherichia coli</i> under saturated flow to simulate aquifer conditions. The experiments were performed in a 2-D tank packed with 3700 in<sup>3</sup> (60,632 cm<sup>3</sup>) of commercially available bagged play sand under saturated conditions. The tank was disinfected by backwashing with 10% chlorine solution and subsequently neutralized by backwashing with tap water containing sodium thiosulphate (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to ensure no chlorine residual. Bacterial transport was measured using samples collected from ports located at vertical transport distances of 5, 15 and 25 inches (12.7, 38.1 and 63.5 cm, respectively) below the sand surface along two vertical sections in the tank. An influent concentration of 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL was used for bacterial cells and the vertical fluid transport rate was 10.3 in/day (26.2 cm/day), controlled using a peristaltic pump at the bottom outlet. <i>Legionella</i> breakthroughs were recorded at 8, 22 and 35 h for the ports on the right side and 9, 24 and 36 h for the ports on the left side, at 5, 15 and 25 inch depths, respectively. At the same depths, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> breakthroughs were recorded at 5, 17 and 30 h for the ports on the right side and 7, 19 and 31 h for the ports on the left sides. The delay in <i>Legionella</i> transport compared to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> is homologous to <i>Legionella</i>’s pleomorphic nature. This study provides evidence of the mobility of both <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> and <i>Legionella</i> in saturated aquifer conditions at a scale more representative of actual aquifer conditions. This study also provides a substantive basis for the premise that cell characteristics affect transport characteristics under those conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:52:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-05e1727146f04d11b9664fae5b74199f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:52:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-05e1727146f04d11b9664fae5b74199f2023-11-20T20:48:36ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-11-011211317010.3390/w12113170Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional TankIndrayudh Mondal0Jazlyn Acosta1Absar Alum2Brooke K. Mayer3Paul Dahlen4Morteza Abbaszadegan5School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USASchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USASchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USACivil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Opus College of Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USASchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USASchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USAThis study investigated bacterial transport in a two-dimensional (2-D) tank to evaluate the bacterial behavior of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> as compared to <i>Escherichia coli</i> under saturated flow to simulate aquifer conditions. The experiments were performed in a 2-D tank packed with 3700 in<sup>3</sup> (60,632 cm<sup>3</sup>) of commercially available bagged play sand under saturated conditions. The tank was disinfected by backwashing with 10% chlorine solution and subsequently neutralized by backwashing with tap water containing sodium thiosulphate (Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to ensure no chlorine residual. Bacterial transport was measured using samples collected from ports located at vertical transport distances of 5, 15 and 25 inches (12.7, 38.1 and 63.5 cm, respectively) below the sand surface along two vertical sections in the tank. An influent concentration of 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL was used for bacterial cells and the vertical fluid transport rate was 10.3 in/day (26.2 cm/day), controlled using a peristaltic pump at the bottom outlet. <i>Legionella</i> breakthroughs were recorded at 8, 22 and 35 h for the ports on the right side and 9, 24 and 36 h for the ports on the left side, at 5, 15 and 25 inch depths, respectively. At the same depths, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> breakthroughs were recorded at 5, 17 and 30 h for the ports on the right side and 7, 19 and 31 h for the ports on the left sides. The delay in <i>Legionella</i> transport compared to <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> is homologous to <i>Legionella</i>’s pleomorphic nature. This study provides evidence of the mobility of both <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> and <i>Legionella</i> in saturated aquifer conditions at a scale more representative of actual aquifer conditions. This study also provides a substantive basis for the premise that cell characteristics affect transport characteristics under those conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3170transport<i>Legionella</i><i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>saturated porous mediatwo-dimensional tank |
| spellingShingle | Indrayudh Mondal Jazlyn Acosta Absar Alum Brooke K. Mayer Paul Dahlen Morteza Abbaszadegan Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank Water transport <i>Legionella</i> <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> saturated porous media two-dimensional tank |
| title | Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank |
| title_full | Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank |
| title_short | Comparative Transport of <i>Legionella</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> through Saturated Porous Media in a Two-Dimensional Tank |
| title_sort | comparative transport of i legionella i and i e i i coli i through saturated porous media in a two dimensional tank |
| topic | transport <i>Legionella</i> <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> saturated porous media two-dimensional tank |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3170 |
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