Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat
Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter for the regulation of visual attention, plasticity, and perceptual learning. It is released in the visual cortex predominantly by cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain, where stimulation may produce potentiation of visual processes. However,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2018.00019/full |
| _version_ | 1811196678309412864 |
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| author | Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Karim Jegouic Elvire Vaucher |
| author_facet | Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Karim Jegouic Elvire Vaucher |
| author_sort | Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter for the regulation of visual attention, plasticity, and perceptual learning. It is released in the visual cortex predominantly by cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain, where stimulation may produce potentiation of visual processes. However, little is known about the fine organization of these corticopetal projections, such as whether basal forebrain neurons projecting to the primary and secondary visual cortical areas (V1 and V2, respectively) are organized retinotopically. The aim of this study was to map these basal forebrain-V1/V2 projections. Microinjections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer cholera toxin b fragment in different sites within V1 and V2 in Long–Evans rats were performed. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies in the horizontal and vertical limbs of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB and VDB, respectively), nucleus basalis magnocellularis, and substantia innominata (SI), were mapped ex vivo with a computer-assisted microscope stage controlled by stereological software. Choline acetyltranferase immunohistochemistry was used to identify cholinergic cells. Our results showed a predominance of cholinergic projections coming from the HDB. These projections were not retinotopically organized but projections to V1 arised from neurons located in the anterior HDB/SI whereas projections to V2 arised from neurons located throughout the whole extent of HDB/SI. The absence of a clear topography of these projections suggests that BF activation can stimulate visual cortices broadly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:02:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-05efcb9e3c224fdf917eea6dacb815f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:02:59Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-05efcb9e3c224fdf917eea6dacb815f92022-12-22T03:54:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102018-03-011210.3389/fncir.2018.00019330908Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the RatFrédéric Huppé-Gourgues0Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues1Karim Jegouic2Elvire Vaucher3Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d’Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaÉcole de Psychologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, CanadaLaboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d’Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaLaboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d’Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaAcetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter for the regulation of visual attention, plasticity, and perceptual learning. It is released in the visual cortex predominantly by cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain, where stimulation may produce potentiation of visual processes. However, little is known about the fine organization of these corticopetal projections, such as whether basal forebrain neurons projecting to the primary and secondary visual cortical areas (V1 and V2, respectively) are organized retinotopically. The aim of this study was to map these basal forebrain-V1/V2 projections. Microinjections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer cholera toxin b fragment in different sites within V1 and V2 in Long–Evans rats were performed. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies in the horizontal and vertical limbs of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB and VDB, respectively), nucleus basalis magnocellularis, and substantia innominata (SI), were mapped ex vivo with a computer-assisted microscope stage controlled by stereological software. Choline acetyltranferase immunohistochemistry was used to identify cholinergic cells. Our results showed a predominance of cholinergic projections coming from the HDB. These projections were not retinotopically organized but projections to V1 arised from neurons located in the anterior HDB/SI whereas projections to V2 arised from neurons located throughout the whole extent of HDB/SI. The absence of a clear topography of these projections suggests that BF activation can stimulate visual cortices broadly.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2018.00019/fullcholera toxin Bvisual cortexdiagonal band of Brocaacetylcholinetopographic mapsLong–Evans rat |
| spellingShingle | Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Frédéric Huppé-Gourgues Karim Jegouic Elvire Vaucher Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat Frontiers in Neural Circuits cholera toxin B visual cortex diagonal band of Broca acetylcholine topographic maps Long–Evans rat |
| title | Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat |
| title_full | Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat |
| title_fullStr | Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat |
| title_short | Topographic Organization of Cholinergic Innervation From the Basal Forebrain to the Visual Cortex in the Rat |
| title_sort | topographic organization of cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain to the visual cortex in the rat |
| topic | cholera toxin B visual cortex diagonal band of Broca acetylcholine topographic maps Long–Evans rat |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2018.00019/full |
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