Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model
<i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extracts (CTE) and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> extracts (SKE) are viable drugs for managing inflammation. We investigated the nitric oxide levels of CTE and a mixture of CTE/SKE (CTE mix) against lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| author | Inkyu Kim Hansol Kim Eunjoo H. Lee Geonung Jo Chun Soo Na Kyungtae Kang Tae Hoon Lee |
| author_facet | Inkyu Kim Hansol Kim Eunjoo H. Lee Geonung Jo Chun Soo Na Kyungtae Kang Tae Hoon Lee |
| author_sort | Inkyu Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extracts (CTE) and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> extracts (SKE) are viable drugs for managing inflammation. We investigated the nitric oxide levels of CTE and a mixture of CTE/SKE (CTE mix) against lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, we administered the CTE and CTE mix to mice with collagen-induced arthritis to confirm an anti-inflammatory effect against rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed arthritis symptoms by oral administration of CTE mix using a CIA-induced animal model and analyzed the inhibitory activity of NO production with in vitro experiments. Both the CTE and CTE mix decreased nitric oxide levels, and a 2:1 ratio of CTE mix was most effective in vivo among the varying ratios of CTE mix tested. The spleen size increased by about 2.1 times, and the lymph node size decreased by about 2.5 times relative compared to the vehicle group. In blood biochemical analyses, tumor necrosis factor–α levels decreased by about three times, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels were reduced by about eight times and three times, and PRG4 expression levels were increased by about 2.5 times relative to the vehicle group. We suggest that the CTE mix was superior to CTE alone and has potential as an anti-inflammatory treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:45:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0603722d09b84efab4bfa31b921c624e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:45:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0603722d09b84efab4bfa31b921c624e2023-11-22T03:13:36ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-07-011114666010.3390/app11146660Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse ModelInkyu Kim0Hansol Kim1Eunjoo H. Lee2Geonung Jo3Chun Soo Na4Kyungtae Kang5Tae Hoon Lee6Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University Yongin, Yongin 1732, KoreaGraduate School of East-West Medicinal Science, Kyung Hee University Yongin, Yongin 1732, KoreaGraduate School of East-West Medicinal Science, Kyung Hee University Yongin, Yongin 1732, KoreaJeollanam-do Forest Resources Institute, Naju 58213, KoreaLifetree Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon 16657, KoreaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University Yongin, Yongin 1732, KoreaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University Yongin, Yongin 1732, Korea<i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extracts (CTE) and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> extracts (SKE) are viable drugs for managing inflammation. We investigated the nitric oxide levels of CTE and a mixture of CTE/SKE (CTE mix) against lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, we administered the CTE and CTE mix to mice with collagen-induced arthritis to confirm an anti-inflammatory effect against rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed arthritis symptoms by oral administration of CTE mix using a CIA-induced animal model and analyzed the inhibitory activity of NO production with in vitro experiments. Both the CTE and CTE mix decreased nitric oxide levels, and a 2:1 ratio of CTE mix was most effective in vivo among the varying ratios of CTE mix tested. The spleen size increased by about 2.1 times, and the lymph node size decreased by about 2.5 times relative compared to the vehicle group. In blood biochemical analyses, tumor necrosis factor–α levels decreased by about three times, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels were reduced by about eight times and three times, and PRG4 expression levels were increased by about 2.5 times relative to the vehicle group. We suggest that the CTE mix was superior to CTE alone and has potential as an anti-inflammatory treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6660<i>Stewartia koreana</i> extract<i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extractanti-inflammationrheumatoid arthritis |
| spellingShingle | Inkyu Kim Hansol Kim Eunjoo H. Lee Geonung Jo Chun Soo Na Kyungtae Kang Tae Hoon Lee Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model Applied Sciences <i>Stewartia koreana</i> extract <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extract anti-inflammation rheumatoid arthritis |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> Extract and <i>Stewartia koreana</i> Extract Mixture in a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory effect of i cudrania tricuspidata i extract and i stewartia koreana i extract mixture in a collagen induced arthritis mouse model |
| topic | <i>Stewartia koreana</i> extract <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i> extract anti-inflammation rheumatoid arthritis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6660 |
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