Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, and is related to fatal and non-fatal liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. Its non-invasive diagnosis and effective treatment remain an unmet clinical need. NAFLD is a heterogeneous disease that is...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/5/830 |
| _version_ | 1797599415701078016 |
|---|---|
| author | Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo Despina Sanoudou Christos S. Mantzoros |
| author_facet | Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo Despina Sanoudou Christos S. Mantzoros |
| author_sort | Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, and is related to fatal and non-fatal liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. Its non-invasive diagnosis and effective treatment remain an unmet clinical need. NAFLD is a heterogeneous disease that is most commonly present in the context of metabolic syndrome and obesity, but not uncommonly, may also be present without metabolic abnormalities and in subjects with normal body mass index. Therefore, a more specific pathophysiology-based subcategorization of fatty liver disease (FLD) is needed to better understand, diagnose, and treat patients with FLD. A precision medicine approach for FLD is expected to improve patient care, decrease long-term disease outcomes, and develop better-targeted, more effective treatments. We present herein a precision medicine approach for FLD based on our recently proposed subcategorization, which includes the metabolic-associated FLD (MAFLD) (i.e., obesity-associated FLD (OAFLD), sarcopenia-associated FLD (SAFLD, and lipodystrophy-associated FLD (LAFLD)), genetics-associated FLD (GAFLD), FLD of multiple/unknown causes (XAFLD), and combined causes of FLD (CAFLD) as well as advanced stage fibrotic FLD (FAFLD) and end-stage FLD (ESFLD) subcategories. These and other related advances, as a whole, are expected to enable not only improved patient care, quality of life, and long-term disease outcomes, but also a considerable reduction in healthcare system costs associated with FLD, along with more options for better-targeted, more effective treatments in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:35:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-061dc866398f4ad0ad893076477d2ad2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:35:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-061dc866398f4ad0ad893076477d2ad22023-11-18T02:04:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-05-0113583010.3390/jpm13050830Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseLaura Valenzuela-Vallejo0Despina Sanoudou1Christos S. Mantzoros2Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USAClinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4(th) Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USANon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, and is related to fatal and non-fatal liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. Its non-invasive diagnosis and effective treatment remain an unmet clinical need. NAFLD is a heterogeneous disease that is most commonly present in the context of metabolic syndrome and obesity, but not uncommonly, may also be present without metabolic abnormalities and in subjects with normal body mass index. Therefore, a more specific pathophysiology-based subcategorization of fatty liver disease (FLD) is needed to better understand, diagnose, and treat patients with FLD. A precision medicine approach for FLD is expected to improve patient care, decrease long-term disease outcomes, and develop better-targeted, more effective treatments. We present herein a precision medicine approach for FLD based on our recently proposed subcategorization, which includes the metabolic-associated FLD (MAFLD) (i.e., obesity-associated FLD (OAFLD), sarcopenia-associated FLD (SAFLD, and lipodystrophy-associated FLD (LAFLD)), genetics-associated FLD (GAFLD), FLD of multiple/unknown causes (XAFLD), and combined causes of FLD (CAFLD) as well as advanced stage fibrotic FLD (FAFLD) and end-stage FLD (ESFLD) subcategories. These and other related advances, as a whole, are expected to enable not only improved patient care, quality of life, and long-term disease outcomes, but also a considerable reduction in healthcare system costs associated with FLD, along with more options for better-targeted, more effective treatments in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/5/830precision medicinenon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)fatty liver disease (FLD)metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)genetics |
| spellingShingle | Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo Despina Sanoudou Christos S. Mantzoros Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Journal of Personalized Medicine precision medicine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fatty liver disease (FLD) metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) genetics |
| title | Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full | Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_short | Precision Medicine in Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_sort | precision medicine in fatty liver disease non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| topic | precision medicine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fatty liver disease (FLD) metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) genetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/5/830 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lauravalenzuelavallejo precisionmedicineinfattyliverdiseasenonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT despinasanoudou precisionmedicineinfattyliverdiseasenonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT christossmantzoros precisionmedicineinfattyliverdiseasenonalcoholicfattyliverdisease |