Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents
Leaf shape and size can vary between hybrids and their parents. However, this has seldom been quantitatively tested. <i>Photinia × fraseri</i> is an important landscaping plant in East Asia as a hybrid between evergreen shrubs <i>P. glabra</i> and <i>P. serratifolia<...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2370 |
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| author | Xiao Zheng Karl J. Niklas David A. Ratkowsky Yabing Jiao Hui Ding Peijian Shi |
| author_facet | Xiao Zheng Karl J. Niklas David A. Ratkowsky Yabing Jiao Hui Ding Peijian Shi |
| author_sort | Xiao Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaf shape and size can vary between hybrids and their parents. However, this has seldom been quantitatively tested. <i>Photinia × fraseri</i> is an important landscaping plant in East Asia as a hybrid between evergreen shrubs <i>P. glabra</i> and <i>P. serratifolia</i>. Its leaf shape looks like that of <i>P. serratifolia</i>. To investigate leaf shape, we used a general equation for calculating the leaf area (<i>A</i>) of broad-leaved plants, which assumes a proportional relationship between <i>A</i> and product of lamina length (<i>L</i>) and width (<i>W</i>). The proportionality coefficient (which is referred to as the Montgomery parameter) serves as a quantitative indicator of leaf shape, because it reflects the proportion of leaf area <i>A</i> to the area of a rectangle with <i>L</i> and <i>W</i> as its side lengths. The ratio of <i>L</i> to <i>W</i>, and the ellipticalness index were also used to quantify the complexity of leaf shape for elliptical leaves. A total of >4000 leaves from <i>P. × fraseri</i> and <i>P. serratifolia</i> (with >2000 leaves for each taxon) collected on a monthly basis was used to examine: (i) whether there is a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa, and (ii) whether there is a monotonic or parabolic trend in leaf shape across leaf ages. There was a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Although there were significant differences in leaf shape on a monthly basis, the variation in leaf shape over time was not large, i.e., leaf shape was relatively stable over time for both taxa. However, the leaf shape of the hybrid was significantly different from its parent <i>P. serratifolia</i>, which has wider and more elliptical leaves than the hybrid. This work demonstrates that variations in leaf shape resulting from hybridization can be rigorously quantified and compared among species and their hybrids. In addition, this work shows that leaf shape does not changes as a function of age either before or after the full expansion of the lamina. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-061edf6630fa4eeb82a7d5dd6b86027f2023-11-23T18:26:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-09-011118237010.3390/plants11182370Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its ParentsXiao Zheng0Karl J. Niklas1David A. Ratkowsky2Yabing Jiao3Hui Ding4Peijian Shi5Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, ChinaSchool of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USATasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, AustraliaBamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaResearch Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, ChinaBamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaLeaf shape and size can vary between hybrids and their parents. However, this has seldom been quantitatively tested. <i>Photinia × fraseri</i> is an important landscaping plant in East Asia as a hybrid between evergreen shrubs <i>P. glabra</i> and <i>P. serratifolia</i>. Its leaf shape looks like that of <i>P. serratifolia</i>. To investigate leaf shape, we used a general equation for calculating the leaf area (<i>A</i>) of broad-leaved plants, which assumes a proportional relationship between <i>A</i> and product of lamina length (<i>L</i>) and width (<i>W</i>). The proportionality coefficient (which is referred to as the Montgomery parameter) serves as a quantitative indicator of leaf shape, because it reflects the proportion of leaf area <i>A</i> to the area of a rectangle with <i>L</i> and <i>W</i> as its side lengths. The ratio of <i>L</i> to <i>W</i>, and the ellipticalness index were also used to quantify the complexity of leaf shape for elliptical leaves. A total of >4000 leaves from <i>P. × fraseri</i> and <i>P. serratifolia</i> (with >2000 leaves for each taxon) collected on a monthly basis was used to examine: (i) whether there is a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa, and (ii) whether there is a monotonic or parabolic trend in leaf shape across leaf ages. There was a significant difference in leaf shape between the two taxa (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Although there were significant differences in leaf shape on a monthly basis, the variation in leaf shape over time was not large, i.e., leaf shape was relatively stable over time for both taxa. However, the leaf shape of the hybrid was significantly different from its parent <i>P. serratifolia</i>, which has wider and more elliptical leaves than the hybrid. This work demonstrates that variations in leaf shape resulting from hybridization can be rigorously quantified and compared among species and their hybrids. In addition, this work shows that leaf shape does not changes as a function of age either before or after the full expansion of the lamina.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2370leaf ellipticalness indexleaf lengthleaf widthMontgomery equationMontgomery parameter |
| spellingShingle | Xiao Zheng Karl J. Niklas David A. Ratkowsky Yabing Jiao Hui Ding Peijian Shi Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents Plants leaf ellipticalness index leaf length leaf width Montgomery equation Montgomery parameter |
| title | Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents |
| title_full | Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents |
| title_short | Comparison of Leaf Shape between a <i>Photinia</i> Hybrid and One of Its Parents |
| title_sort | comparison of leaf shape between a i photinia i hybrid and one of its parents |
| topic | leaf ellipticalness index leaf length leaf width Montgomery equation Montgomery parameter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/18/2370 |
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