A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions
Ludmila M Cosio-Lima, Bhargav V Desai, Petra B Schuler, Lesley Keck, Logan ScheelerDepartment of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USAPurpose: Components of immune function are affected by physical activity in an adverse environment. The purpose of thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2011-01-01
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| Series: | Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://www.dovepress.com/a-comparison-of-cytokine-responses-during-prolonged-cycling-in-normal--a6037 |
| _version_ | 1819053725150347264 |
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| author | Ludmila M Cosio-Lima Bhargav V Desai Petra B Schuler et al |
| author_facet | Ludmila M Cosio-Lima Bhargav V Desai Petra B Schuler et al |
| author_sort | Ludmila M Cosio-Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ludmila M Cosio-Lima, Bhargav V Desai, Petra B Schuler, Lesley Keck, Logan ScheelerDepartment of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USAPurpose: Components of immune function are affected by physical activity in an adverse environment. The purpose of this study was to compare plasma differences in inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in addition to the stress hormone cortisol, during prolonged cycling under normal and hot environmental conditions in elite cyclists.Methods and design: Six trained elite male cyclists (27 ± 8 years; 75.5 ± 4 kg; maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max] = 66 ± 6 mL/kg/min, mean ± SD). The cyclists biked for 2.5 h at their prescribed 60% maximum exercise workload (Wmax) or 75% VO2max either in an environmental chamber set at 15°C and 40% relative humidity (NEUTRAL) or at 35°C and 40% relative humidity (HOT). The cyclists were given 4 mL of water/kg body weight every 15 min under both conditions.Results: Total cortisol concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) immediately postexercise and 12 h postexercise in both the NEUTRAL and HOT conditions. TNF-α concentrations were only significantly (P = 0.045) elevated postexercise in HOT conditions. During the HOT conditions, a significant (P = 0.006 and 0.007, respectively) difference in IL-6 was seen immediately after and 12 h postexercise. During the NEUTRAL condition, IL-6 was only significantly elevated postexercise (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Heat exposure during a long bout of exercise is sufficient to elicit stress response in elite cyclists. However, the degree of release of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines might be related to several factors that include the athlete’s fitness level, hydration status, exercise intensity, and length of exposure to hot environments.Keywords: cytokines, inflammation, heat, exercise, performance  |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:40:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06221c20a7c945dbbaccb927b07d8bcc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-1543 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-06221c20a7c945dbbaccb927b07d8bcc2022-12-21T19:03:48ZengDove Medical PressOpen Access Journal of Sports Medicine1179-15432011-01-012011default711A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditionsLudmila M Cosio-LimaBhargav V DesaiPetra B Schuleret alLudmila M Cosio-Lima, Bhargav V Desai, Petra B Schuler, Lesley Keck, Logan ScheelerDepartment of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USAPurpose: Components of immune function are affected by physical activity in an adverse environment. The purpose of this study was to compare plasma differences in inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in addition to the stress hormone cortisol, during prolonged cycling under normal and hot environmental conditions in elite cyclists.Methods and design: Six trained elite male cyclists (27 ± 8 years; 75.5 ± 4 kg; maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max] = 66 ± 6 mL/kg/min, mean ± SD). The cyclists biked for 2.5 h at their prescribed 60% maximum exercise workload (Wmax) or 75% VO2max either in an environmental chamber set at 15°C and 40% relative humidity (NEUTRAL) or at 35°C and 40% relative humidity (HOT). The cyclists were given 4 mL of water/kg body weight every 15 min under both conditions.Results: Total cortisol concentrations were elevated (P < 0.05) immediately postexercise and 12 h postexercise in both the NEUTRAL and HOT conditions. TNF-α concentrations were only significantly (P = 0.045) elevated postexercise in HOT conditions. During the HOT conditions, a significant (P = 0.006 and 0.007, respectively) difference in IL-6 was seen immediately after and 12 h postexercise. During the NEUTRAL condition, IL-6 was only significantly elevated postexercise (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Heat exposure during a long bout of exercise is sufficient to elicit stress response in elite cyclists. However, the degree of release of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines might be related to several factors that include the athlete’s fitness level, hydration status, exercise intensity, and length of exposure to hot environments.Keywords: cytokines, inflammation, heat, exercise, performance http://www.dovepress.com/a-comparison-of-cytokine-responses-during-prolonged-cycling-in-normal--a6037 |
| spellingShingle | Ludmila M Cosio-Lima Bhargav V Desai Petra B Schuler et al A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine |
| title | A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| title_full | A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| title_fullStr | A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| title_short | A comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| title_sort | comparison of cytokine responses during prolonged cycling in normal and hot environmental conditions |
| url | http://www.dovepress.com/a-comparison-of-cytokine-responses-during-prolonged-cycling-in-normal--a6037 |
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