Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions
We collect the yields of charged pions (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/6/152 |
| _version_ | 1798000020676411392 |
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| author | Hai-Ling Lao Ya-Qin Gao Fu-Hu Liu |
| author_facet | Hai-Ling Lao Ya-Qin Gao Fu-Hu Liu |
| author_sort | Hai-Ling Lao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We collect the yields of charged pions (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), charged kaons (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), anti-protons (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mover accent="true"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), and protons (<i>p</i>) produced in mid-rapidity interval (in most cases) in central gold−gold (Au−Au), central lead−lead (Pb−Pb), and inelastic or non-single-diffractive proton−proton (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) collisions at different collision energies. The chemical potentials of light particles and quarks are extracted from the yield ratios, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>/</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, of antiparticles to particles over an energy range from a few GeV to above 10 TeV. At a few GeV (∼4 GeV), the chemical potentials show, and the yield ratios do not show, different trends comparing with those at other energies, although the limiting values of the chemical potentials and the yield ratios at very high energy are 0 and 1, respectively. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:13:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
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| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-06249b81f8cf4a5a944c398f9fa5d9282022-12-22T04:27:19ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972019-06-015615210.3390/universe5060152universe5060152Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy CollisionsHai-Ling Lao0Ya-Qin Gao1Fu-Hu Liu2Institute of Theoretical Physics & State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaInstitute of Theoretical Physics & State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaWe collect the yields of charged pions (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), charged kaons (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), anti-protons (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mover accent="true"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), and protons (<i>p</i>) produced in mid-rapidity interval (in most cases) in central gold−gold (Au−Au), central lead−lead (Pb−Pb), and inelastic or non-single-diffractive proton−proton (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) collisions at different collision energies. The chemical potentials of light particles and quarks are extracted from the yield ratios, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>/</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, of antiparticles to particles over an energy range from a few GeV to above 10 TeV. At a few GeV (∼4 GeV), the chemical potentials show, and the yield ratios do not show, different trends comparing with those at other energies, although the limiting values of the chemical potentials and the yield ratios at very high energy are 0 and 1, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/6/152chemical potentials of light particleschemical potentials of light quarksyield ratios of antiparticles to particles |
| spellingShingle | Hai-Ling Lao Ya-Qin Gao Fu-Hu Liu Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions Universe chemical potentials of light particles chemical potentials of light quarks yield ratios of antiparticles to particles |
| title | Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions |
| title_full | Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions |
| title_fullStr | Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions |
| title_short | Energy Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Particles and Quarks from Yield Ratios of Antiparticles to Particles in High Energy Collisions |
| title_sort | energy dependent chemical potentials of light particles and quarks from yield ratios of antiparticles to particles in high energy collisions |
| topic | chemical potentials of light particles chemical potentials of light quarks yield ratios of antiparticles to particles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/5/6/152 |
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