Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study
Introduction: South Asian population has a particularly high prevalence of thyroid disorders mainly due to iodine deficiency and goitrogen use. There is no data available for prevalence of thyroid disorders in the general population living in nonmountainous regions of Pakistan. Materials and Methods...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2015;volume=19;issue=3;spage=347;epage=350;aulast=Jawa |
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| author | Ali Jawa Ali Jawad Syed Hunain Riaz Muhammad Zaman Khan Assir Abdul Wahid Chaudhary Muhammad Zakria Javed Akram |
| author_facet | Ali Jawa Ali Jawad Syed Hunain Riaz Muhammad Zaman Khan Assir Abdul Wahid Chaudhary Muhammad Zakria Javed Akram |
| author_sort | Ali Jawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: South Asian population has a particularly high prevalence of thyroid disorders mainly due to iodine deficiency and goitrogen use. There is no data available for prevalence of thyroid disorders in the general population living in nonmountainous regions of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 2335 residents of Pak Pattan, Punjab, Pakistan were interviewed about demographic, dietary, medical and environmental history as well as screened for goiter. Individuals of all ages and either gender were included. Results: Median age was 34 (10-88) years and 1164 (49.9%) were males. Median monthly income was 49 (3.9-137) USD. Six hundred and sixty-nine (28.7%) subjects had palpable goiter. 77.5% (n = 462) and 22.5% (n = 133) had World Health Organization Grade I and Grade II goiters respectively, further screened by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In subjects with TSH <0.4 mg/dL, free T3 and free T4 levels were measured. In 185 goiter subjects when TSH was measured, 50% (n = 93) were euthyroid, 48% (n = 89) were hyperthyroid, and one subject each was hypothyroid and subclinically hyperthyroid. 29/89 hyperthyroid subjects underwent radionuclide scanning. Twelve subjects had heterogeneous uptake consistent with multinodular goiter, 12 subjects had diffuse uptake, two had cold nodules and two had hyperfunctioning single nodules. Goiter was significantly more common among females, unmarried individuals and individuals drinking tube well (subterranean) water. Goiter was less common among those who consumed daily milk, daily ghee (hydrogenated oil), spices, chilies, and turmeric. Discussion: In our study population, goiter was endemic with very high prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Turmeric use was association with reduced goitrogenesis. Further studies to assess iodine sufficiency, thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity need to be conducted. Masses consuming high goitrogen diets should be educated to incorporate turmeric, spices and green chilies in their cooking recipes, to reduce the risk of goiter development. In addition, use of iodized salt in their daily diet cannot be overemphasized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:48:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-062673bfed9a4eb1b3d223ac778426fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2230-8210 2230-9500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:48:35Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-062673bfed9a4eb1b3d223ac778426fe2022-12-22T03:24:29ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism2230-82102230-95002015-01-0119334735010.4103/2230-8210.152768Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) studyAli JawaAli JawadSyed Hunain RiazMuhammad Zaman Khan AssirAbdul Wahid ChaudharyMuhammad ZakriaJaved AkramIntroduction: South Asian population has a particularly high prevalence of thyroid disorders mainly due to iodine deficiency and goitrogen use. There is no data available for prevalence of thyroid disorders in the general population living in nonmountainous regions of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 2335 residents of Pak Pattan, Punjab, Pakistan were interviewed about demographic, dietary, medical and environmental history as well as screened for goiter. Individuals of all ages and either gender were included. Results: Median age was 34 (10-88) years and 1164 (49.9%) were males. Median monthly income was 49 (3.9-137) USD. Six hundred and sixty-nine (28.7%) subjects had palpable goiter. 77.5% (n = 462) and 22.5% (n = 133) had World Health Organization Grade I and Grade II goiters respectively, further screened by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In subjects with TSH <0.4 mg/dL, free T3 and free T4 levels were measured. In 185 goiter subjects when TSH was measured, 50% (n = 93) were euthyroid, 48% (n = 89) were hyperthyroid, and one subject each was hypothyroid and subclinically hyperthyroid. 29/89 hyperthyroid subjects underwent radionuclide scanning. Twelve subjects had heterogeneous uptake consistent with multinodular goiter, 12 subjects had diffuse uptake, two had cold nodules and two had hyperfunctioning single nodules. Goiter was significantly more common among females, unmarried individuals and individuals drinking tube well (subterranean) water. Goiter was less common among those who consumed daily milk, daily ghee (hydrogenated oil), spices, chilies, and turmeric. Discussion: In our study population, goiter was endemic with very high prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Turmeric use was association with reduced goitrogenesis. Further studies to assess iodine sufficiency, thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity need to be conducted. Masses consuming high goitrogen diets should be educated to incorporate turmeric, spices and green chilies in their cooking recipes, to reduce the risk of goiter development. In addition, use of iodized salt in their daily diet cannot be overemphasized.http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2015;volume=19;issue=3;spage=347;epage=350;aulast=JawaGoiterPakistaniodine deficiencyturmericgoitrogens |
| spellingShingle | Ali Jawa Ali Jawad Syed Hunain Riaz Muhammad Zaman Khan Assir Abdul Wahid Chaudhary Muhammad Zakria Javed Akram Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Goiter Pakistan iodine deficiency turmeric goitrogens |
| title | Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study |
| title_full | Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study |
| title_fullStr | Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study |
| title_short | Turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis: Thyroid disorder prevalence in Pakistan (THYPAK) study |
| title_sort | turmeric use is associated with reduced goitrogenesis thyroid disorder prevalence in pakistan thypak study |
| topic | Goiter Pakistan iodine deficiency turmeric goitrogens |
| url | http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-8210;year=2015;volume=19;issue=3;spage=347;epage=350;aulast=Jawa |
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