An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities
The enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business cases...
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2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2445 |
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| author | Nicholas Preston Azadeh Maroufmashat Hassan Riaz Sami Barbouti Ushnik Mukherjee Peter Tang Javan Wang Ali Elkamel Michael Fowler |
| author_facet | Nicholas Preston Azadeh Maroufmashat Hassan Riaz Sami Barbouti Ushnik Mukherjee Peter Tang Javan Wang Ali Elkamel Michael Fowler |
| author_sort | Nicholas Preston |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business cases for hydrogen on the industrial microgrid scale. This paper aims to investigate the financial and environmental returns associated with producing and storing electrolytic hydrogen for injection into the natural gas feed of a manufacturer’s combined heat and power plants (CHPs). A mathematical methodology was developed for investigating the optimal operation of the integrated system (power-to-gas along with the current system) by considering hydrogen-enriched natural gas. The result of this simulation is an operation plan that delivers optimal economics and an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions. The simulation was implemented across an entire year for each combination of generation price limit and storage coefficient. Because the provincial grid imposes a lesser carbon footprint than that of a pure natural gas turbine, any offset of natural gas by hydrogen reduces the carbon intensity of the system. From an environmental perspective, the amount of carbon abated by the model fell within a range of 3000 ton CO<sub>2</sub>/year. From a policy perspective, this suggests that a minimum feasible carbon price of $60/ton CO<sub>2e</sub> must be set by applicable regulatory bodies. Lastly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis was performed for the proposed system to validate the safety of the design. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0627b200bea04926984bf2be77cd5da9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:58:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-0627b200bea04926984bf2be77cd5da92023-11-21T17:05:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-04-01149244510.3390/en14092445An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial FacilitiesNicholas Preston0Azadeh Maroufmashat1Hassan Riaz2Sami Barbouti3Ushnik Mukherjee4Peter Tang5Javan Wang6Ali Elkamel7Michael Fowler8Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaChemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaThe enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business cases for hydrogen on the industrial microgrid scale. This paper aims to investigate the financial and environmental returns associated with producing and storing electrolytic hydrogen for injection into the natural gas feed of a manufacturer’s combined heat and power plants (CHPs). A mathematical methodology was developed for investigating the optimal operation of the integrated system (power-to-gas along with the current system) by considering hydrogen-enriched natural gas. The result of this simulation is an operation plan that delivers optimal economics and an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions. The simulation was implemented across an entire year for each combination of generation price limit and storage coefficient. Because the provincial grid imposes a lesser carbon footprint than that of a pure natural gas turbine, any offset of natural gas by hydrogen reduces the carbon intensity of the system. From an environmental perspective, the amount of carbon abated by the model fell within a range of 3000 ton CO<sub>2</sub>/year. From a policy perspective, this suggests that a minimum feasible carbon price of $60/ton CO<sub>2e</sub> must be set by applicable regulatory bodies. Lastly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis was performed for the proposed system to validate the safety of the design.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2445hydrogen enriched natural gascombined heat and power unit (CHPs)power-to-gashydrogen economyfailure modes and effects analysis |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas Preston Azadeh Maroufmashat Hassan Riaz Sami Barbouti Ushnik Mukherjee Peter Tang Javan Wang Ali Elkamel Michael Fowler An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities Energies hydrogen enriched natural gas combined heat and power unit (CHPs) power-to-gas hydrogen economy failure modes and effects analysis |
| title | An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities |
| title_full | An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities |
| title_fullStr | An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities |
| title_short | An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities |
| title_sort | economic environmental and safety analysis of using hydrogen enriched natural gas heng in industrial facilities |
| topic | hydrogen enriched natural gas combined heat and power unit (CHPs) power-to-gas hydrogen economy failure modes and effects analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2445 |
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