Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater
In this work, we have explored a novel application of one–dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) as a biomarker for the detection of organic materials in wastewater. The high concentration of organic materials may lead to adverse impact on human life. In order to save human life from these adverse...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4012 |
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| author | M. Al-Dossari S. K. Awasthi A. M. Mohamed N. S. Abd El-Gawaad W. Sabra Arafa H. Aly |
| author_facet | M. Al-Dossari S. K. Awasthi A. M. Mohamed N. S. Abd El-Gawaad W. Sabra Arafa H. Aly |
| author_sort | M. Al-Dossari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, we have explored a novel application of one–dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) as a biomarker for the detection of organic materials in wastewater. The high concentration of organic materials may lead to adverse impact on human life. In order to save human life from these adverse effects, we have investigated the bio-alcohol sensing properties of a 1D multilayer periodic structure <i>(AB)<sup>N</sup>/C/(AB)<sup>N</sup></i> capable of detecting organic materials in wastewater. The proposed structure works on the principle to detect a very small change in the refractive index of the wastewater sample under investigation by means of producing a shift in the position of the defect mode inside the photonic band gap (PBG) of the proposed structure. The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been used to investigate the transmission properties of the proposed design with the help of MATLAB software. We have also studied the effect of changes in the defect layer’s thickness, the volume fraction of the nanocomposite material and the incident angle on the sensitivity of our proposed bio-alcohol sensing design. Our bio-alcohol sensor shows a high sensitivity value of 500 nm/RIU and a low detection limit value of 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> RIU. The figure of merit and quality factor values of our bio-alcohol sensor are 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 5.236 × 10<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The damping rate of the design is <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ξ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>95.4927</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:07:02Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:07:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-062f9db38fe740fe891688dd7fa18ba02023-11-23T14:24:04ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-06-011511401210.3390/ma15114012Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in WastewaterM. Al-Dossari0S. K. Awasthi1A. M. Mohamed2N. S. Abd El-Gawaad3W. Sabra4Arafa H. Aly5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics and Material Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201304, IndiaTH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, EgyptFaculty of Sciences, King Khalid University, Mohayel Asser, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaTH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, EgyptTH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, EgyptIn this work, we have explored a novel application of one–dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) as a biomarker for the detection of organic materials in wastewater. The high concentration of organic materials may lead to adverse impact on human life. In order to save human life from these adverse effects, we have investigated the bio-alcohol sensing properties of a 1D multilayer periodic structure <i>(AB)<sup>N</sup>/C/(AB)<sup>N</sup></i> capable of detecting organic materials in wastewater. The proposed structure works on the principle to detect a very small change in the refractive index of the wastewater sample under investigation by means of producing a shift in the position of the defect mode inside the photonic band gap (PBG) of the proposed structure. The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been used to investigate the transmission properties of the proposed design with the help of MATLAB software. We have also studied the effect of changes in the defect layer’s thickness, the volume fraction of the nanocomposite material and the incident angle on the sensitivity of our proposed bio-alcohol sensing design. Our bio-alcohol sensor shows a high sensitivity value of 500 nm/RIU and a low detection limit value of 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> RIU. The figure of merit and quality factor values of our bio-alcohol sensor are 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 5.236 × 10<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The damping rate of the design is <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>ξ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>95.4927</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4012photonic crystalphotonic band gap materialsorganic materialbiosensor |
| spellingShingle | M. Al-Dossari S. K. Awasthi A. M. Mohamed N. S. Abd El-Gawaad W. Sabra Arafa H. Aly Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater Materials photonic crystal photonic band gap materials organic material biosensor |
| title | Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater |
| title_full | Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater |
| title_short | Bio-Alcohol Sensor Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Detection of Organic Materials in Wastewater |
| title_sort | bio alcohol sensor based on one dimensional photonic crystals for detection of organic materials in wastewater |
| topic | photonic crystal photonic band gap materials organic material biosensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/4012 |
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